Top Five Ethical Issues in Human Resources - 5063 Words

Introduction Human resources managers face subjective, complex and elaborate roles. Studies and research completed and evaluated demonstrated that HR professionals continuously faced with high and demanding ethical codes upkeep. Ethical issues reveal essential questions about fairness, justice, truthfulness, and social responsibility. Policies linking to legal matters, confidentiality, loyalty, integrity and competency challenge the human resources managers to foresee issues arising. In defining ethics, â€Å"Will Durants (1961) definition of ethics states that it is the study of ideal conduct. Durants definition has meaning because it teaches that ethics has 2 elements: 1. Knowledge of ethics is not something people are born with; it is†¦show more content†¦380). The following are the steps management can take in handling complaints: Before concerns are expressed: a. Encourage the development of moral identity and moral agency; b. Create a tough anti-retaliation policy that permits disciplining or dismissing employees who retaliate against whistleblowers; c. Disseminate the policy through the intranet, in orientation materials and elsewhere; d. Search for and select employees who possess attributes associated with observation of wrongdoing, and whistle-blowing; e. Orient and train employees about what the organization considers wrongful, and what to do if wrongdoing is observed; f. Consider building incentives for valid internal whistle-blowing into the reward structure; g. Monitor the success of the programs and make changes when needed. Once concerns are expressed: a. Focus on the wrongdoing alleged in the complaint and not on the complainant; b. Investigate reports fully and fairly c. Take swift corrective action when the complaint is well-founded; d. Provide feedback so that management gets credit for taking action; and e. Provide multiple communication channels so that employees can choose to report to someone with whom they are comfortable legislation (Miceli, Near Dworkin, 2009, p. 383). Prospective whistle-blowers should consider whether the conditions associated with justification are present.Show MoreRelatedHow The Management Teams Should Be Given Power Limitations On Their Decision Choices For Their Employees1498 Words   |  6 Pagesto poor direction on the job parameters, or managers that have grown accustomed to making decisions that are out of their realm of expertise. This negligence has led to a high turnover of employees in many departments. The writer will refer to the five philosophical principles to determine how the management teams should be given power limitations on their decision choices for their employees. 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Dot Net Principles and Concepts Free Essays

NET framework offers developers with an object oriented environment; it guarantees safe execution of the applications by performing required runtime validations. .NET framework combines unprecedented developer productivity with reliability in performance and powerful deployment. We will write a custom essay sample on Dot Net Principles and Concepts or any similar topic only for you Order Now .NET is a rapid application development and a comprehensive tool that is used effectively and widely for creating distributed applications, and as well as designing and developing web based and windows based applications. Interoperability in .Net: One of the prominent features of .Net framework is its support for language interoperability. The program should be developed using set of rules defined in Cross Language Specifications (CLS), such program can be used by other languages. But .Net does not support every program written in a language can be used by another language, it only supports for those program whose rules are defined in Cross Language Specifications. For instance we can develop a class in C# from class already developed in VB.Net. Moreover, .NET Common Language Runtime allows VB.Net program to handle an exception that is raised by a program written in C#. NET and COM interoperability feature provides a bridge between the .NET and COM and vice versa. .NET framework enables developers to save additional migration cost by describing how .NET components can communicate with existing COM components. There is no need to modify developed COM components into .NET components. NET Framework and the .NET Common Language Runtime enables the powerful communication with the old technologies and allow the integration of legacy code with new .NET components. Security in .Net: The enhanced security components in .NET frame makes our applications more secure and robust. Moreover, it can help the developers by minimizing the amount of code they need to write. Security implementation is a complicated task, and Microsoft has provided new security features to make the applications more secure and protected. Apart from the encapsulation and security functionality provided by the core of Windows operating system, .NET framework provides numerous additional and improved types such as public key cryptography, ASP.NET, Code Access Security Certificates and Certificate stores Public Key Cryptography Standard. .Net framework also provides object centric security; it allows the developers to control access to different types of objects. For example a developer can control the file system and the registry of systems that implement object centric security. Basically there are two types of security in .NET: Role Based Security, Code Access Security. Common Language Runtime security allows the developer to use Code Access Security. Code Access Security enforces security policies that prevent unauthorized access to protected resources and process. Moreover Code Access Security allows the developer to do the following: Restrict what your code can do, Restrict which code can call your code, and Identify code. For instance: By using Code Access Security defined in the Common   Language Runtime,   if a developer creates security policy that user cannot save the file on the hard disk. If user try to save any information on the hard disk, that security policy enforces the user and user cannot save the information. Stability and Maintenance in .Net: Usullay IT Project Managers faces budget over runs and missed deadlines,most of the time   risk management of the projects and completion of the projects under acceptable conditions is almost impossible. The main reason is due to lack of   stable   technologies and tools available in the market and used by different teams. The right answer to all of these issues is Microsoft .NET framework, because it is based on internet standards like XML and Web services and also due to the .NET framework ease of integration on the Windows operating system. As .Net framework is stable and projects typically finish ahead of schedule and under budget constraint. That gives it an edge over others, most of the risk managers depends on rapid and robust .Net tool to manage the financial impact of missed deadlines. For instance if two teams are developing same project on two different tools, first on VB.Net and second on Java and both are developing project for Windows platform. First team will complete project earlier than the second team, one of the main reason is .Net applications are more stable with Windows platform. One of the distinguishing features of .Net framework is that it is easy to deploy and maintain. Usually projects developed in .Net framework are easy to install on client machines and due to the supporting nature of .Net framework, projects are maintained by the programmers with no difficulty. For example code generation techniques using technologies such as XSLT are playing a significant role in software projects by providing the support to a rapidly maintainable code base. Works Cited Hallogram Publishing: from the World Wide Web: http://www.hallogram.com/webinputnet/webinputnet.html MSDN Home: The Microsoft Journal for Developers: http://msdn.microsoft.com How to cite Dot Net Principles and Concepts, Essay examples

Opposing The Death Penalty Essay Example For Students

Opposing The Death Penalty Essay Opposing The Death PenaltyTaking this course has made me ponder on many issues which I neverdeemed worthy of my thoughts. I always considered the death penalty one ofthose things which I never had to concern myself with. First of all Im notplanning to commit any vial crimes, and I dont think anyone I care about hasthose plans either. Secondly, Ive never been conscious or concerned with thelikes of criminals. When we began speaking on the subject, I thought we wereonly going to talk about the institution of racism in capital punishment, andwas quite unaware of the feeling this subject would arouse in me. Needless tosay, I have formed some opinions on the issue which confused even me. We will write a custom essay on Opposing The Death Penalty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I always considered myself pro-capital punishment. I was of the mindthat if someone killed me, I would like my death avenged, but pondering on theissue of cultural differences has made me doubt my prior convictions. First ofall, I am against the use of the lethal injection. I understand that it iscleaner, but if the law wants to inflict death as a punishment, it mustunderstand that death is not a pretty thing. Criminals are painlessly put tosleep, and die in the same manner that Dr. Kavorkians patients choose. Personally, if I was faced with the option of living the remainder of my life inisolation, perpetually haunted by pain and images of terror, I would absolutelychose to die by lethal injection. There is no true punishment in this method,except the fear of going to hell, which I strongly doubt is of much concern tomost convicts on death row. Assuming that the judicial processes which convict these individualsare legitimate, the only common bond within this group is that they are allmortal, and hold no respect for human life. These delinquents are on death row,because they have committed a crime of such ghastly proportions, that societyhas deemed them unfit to live. They deliberately and nonchalantly depravedanother human of their life. They emphatically partook in reprehensible maliceof inhuman dimensions, never bothered by their conscience. They are sick andvile individuals who do not acknowledge social conventions such as religion andthe law. They have broken the law, and in leaving it they removed themselvesfrom the protection of the law. The 8th Amendment should no longer apply tothese sick dements who deserve none of my compassion. Yet, the bleeding heartscontinue to defend them and oppose capital punishment because it is too cruel. In an article in the Chicago Tribune, the Roman Catholic church vented itsopposition to capital punishment by affirming that human life is sacred andthat a truly just and humane society is compelled to protect and enhance allhuman lives at every degree of development, the bishop concluded in thestatement that execution are an inappropriate response on moral and practicalgrounds. But what this argument refuses to acknowledge is that theseindividuals ceased to be human when they renounced their humanity through murder. They do not recognize morality or the principles of humanity. They have chosento go against the laws of every religion and society known to civilization. They have belittled themselves to the stature of animals, and as so, renouncetheir conscience. Many of them, like those who belong to gangs in LA, donteven consider death a punishment. Dying is a part of life, and you can be aking or a street sweeper, but everybody dances with the Grim Reaper. (RobertAlton Harris-gassed April 21, 1992) These individuals are so warped, that thedeath penalty would be among the most pleasant punishments they could receive. .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2 , .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2 .postImageUrl , .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2 , .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2:hover , .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2:visited , .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2:active { border:0!important; } .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2:active , .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2 .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3647bfbc51b6939e68fd0158fde7e8e2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Colomber Analysis EssayThey have very little they care about, if they cared they wouldnt have putthemselves in this situation, and they are departing this life for the next. Very few of them believe in religion, so they have no hell to fear. More thananything they are being freed from their present dismal situation. The deathsentence would only serve as punishment for moral, religious (Christians, Jews,Muslimsnot Buddhist of Hindus) individuals who respect human life and havesomething to live for; in reality, these are not the people on death row. Itherefore believe capital punishment too lenient a penalty for these fiend, butat least when they were fried they felt a few minutes of pain to recompense fortheir victims suffering. Please forgive my vindictive reaction, but a dear relative of mine wasraped and murdered by one of these beasts; he is still at large. Needless tosay, I believe a harsher form of punishment should be placed on their lives. Ihave therefore devised a more austere discipline which, conveyed in the form offear, would severely downsize heinous crimes, and would also be cheaper. Instead of simply killing them why dont we just maim them to the point wherethey are no longer a threat to society. First you amputate their legs from theknee down, so they can no longer walk. Then you cut off their arms so they canno longer shoot, strangle, hit or stab anyone. Then you cut out their tonguesso they no longer speak their ideas of hate. Then you burn their faces tillthey are so ugly to look at that they are ashamed to be alive. Then youcastrate them to make sure they can no longer partake in pleasure. In thisdisheveled state you throw them out to the streets so they can see and hear thepain, agony and injustice that they so freely bestowed on their victims. Theywill truly suffer for their crimes.They will be the new example for futurecriminals. No longer will the villain be worshipped by the mass media, or bythe youngsters on the streets. The gangster will then cease to exist, and onlythe mentally retarded will perpetuate their heinous crimes. Isnt it sad that our situation has become so grave that we mustactually look to these alternatives to solve the problem. I think everyoneknows that the only way to help ourselves to a better life is through education,but politicians continue to withdraw funding for schools. We are going aboutthe solution in the wrong way. If we teach people to value themselves andaccept others, and therefore dissolve economic and class differences, we willtruly begin to put an end to crime. Till then we will have to accept ourreality. Social Issues

Multicultural Australia

Introduction The concept of multiculturalism does not have a straight forward definition because it depends on the context of its usage. Again, it is not easy to have a universally acceptable definition because there are more people putting in their contributions about this concept, therefore leading to numerous definitions of the same.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multicultural Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, multiculturalism in the United States of America is used in both social and political contexts. It is used to show that the differences that exist among people on the basis of their cultural orientation, gender, ethnic or racial backgrounds and other diverse opinions, should not be a source of division but should be viewed as a source of strength for that particular group (Higley, Nieuwenhuysen, and Neerup, 2009). Basically, multiculturalism advocates for treatment of all people w ith respect and dignity because this is what leads to the massive growth and development of a nation. This paper shall address this concept in details using the example of Australia as well as identify how it has changed before, during and after the Howard government. The Concept of Multiculturalism In Australia, the view of this concept is not very different from that of the USA. This is because multiculturalism is viewed in both the social and political contexts and is seen as a tool that should help in the development of the country other than in its destruction. The term was in use widely in the 1990’s but its use has declined with time, with many people wondering what became of it (Cope, et al, 1991). Castles, et al, (1990) says that the term is slowly being replaced with the term ‘integration’. This term deals with the diversity that exists in the modern day society. According to Lyle (1983), this diversity comes about because of the differences in cultural and ethnic orientations, among other factors. This definition is especially true for the modern day Australia, whose policy is that it is a multicultural society and this is not going to change. To further enhance multiculturalism, the government of Australia has put forth measures to it intends to act on in response to the diversity that is present in the country as a result of multiculturalism.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This country, that is part of the other countries in the commonwealth, has pointed out several dimensions that the policies that deal with multiculturalism should take. The first dimension is one that deals with the cultural orientation of the people. The Australian government clearly stipulates that each of its citizens have the right to express themselves culturally in the different ways that culture can and is expressed but within the limits prescrib ed by the law. Consequently, the Australians are free to express their culture through language and religious affiliation without any interference. The other tenet of multiculturalism as stipulated by the government is the social justice for all the citizens. Every person is en titled to fair treatment regardless of their class, religious background, political affiliation, gender and ethnic background, among other barriers of fair treatment. The last dimension of this concept as viewed by the government is the economic dimension. This tenet gives every Australian citizen a right to be recruited or employed anywhere in the country where they can use their skills and knowledge. This should happen regardless of the person’s sex, political, ethnic and religious background. The dimensions of multiculturalism discussed above are applied to all Australian citizens without discrimination and are articulated in the country’s documents of the National Agenda. Consequently, the p eople with Aboriginal background, the Anglo-Celtic group of citizens and those who do not speak English but are citizens of Australia receive the same treatment from the government (Bell, 2006). Limitations of Multiculturalism Even though the Australians enjoy the rights expressed in the National Agenda, there are also several limitations to these rights. First, the rights of Australians concerning multiculturalism are founded on the assumption that every Australian citizen is committed and is also working towards the realization of the common goal of the nation. They should also be committed to those things that are geared towards unifying the country. This is the first and most important factor underlying the implementation of the rights of multiculturalism (CAAIP (Committee to Advise on Australia’s Immigration Policies), 1988).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multicultural Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The policies also call for Australians approval of the basic structures and the overarching principles governing the country. Respect for and obedience to the constitution and other laws that govern the country, showing tolerance and fair treatment to everyone regardless of the things they possess that bring about diversity and freedom to express oneself are some of the ways that the citizens can express their approval of the laws of the land. The use the national language, in the case of Australia, English, and fair treatment of people of both sexes is also a way of showing acceptance of the basic principles of the country. Finally, for one to enjoy their rights of expression of their culture they have to recognize that there are others who have a different cultural orientation and they too have the same right. This therefore, calls for tolerance and acceptance of others culture without acting in a manner that will offend the other party (Bell, 2006). In summary, thes e policies that have been formulated to address the concept of multiculturalism in Australia are designed to help in making Australia a better place for its citizens with social justice and economic efficiency as its overarching principles. Multiculturalism before the Howard Government Before the introduction of the concept of multiculturalism, Australia used another policy known as ‘assimilation’. This meant that any immigrant settling in Australia had to forsake their culture and adopt that of the natives in Australia (Elder, 2005). One of the factors that led to the change of policy from the idea of assimilation to that cultural pluralism and later multiculturalism is the World War 2 and its effects. Precisely, there was increased awareness on the devastating effects of racism learnt from the Nazi party’s actions. This made people start doubting the positivity of the White Australia Policy, which encouraged racism, and was being practiced then (Lopez, 2000). T hat was an external factor. Internally, there were several groups which advocated for an end of the policies which encouraged racism. These groups included the church and other human rights groups.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By 1960, these groups, which were very active in speaking against the white Australia policy in the 1950’s, got support from other quarters which included the journalists and the students body from various universities, among others. Their first achievement in this campaign came when dictation test for those who wanted to migrate to Australia was dropped. The non-Europeans who wanted to migrate to Australia were also allowed to undertake the skilled migrant program. Consequently, students of Asian origin were allowed undertake their studies in Australia and also, more people who were not Europeans got a chance to live in Australia especially in the 1970’s. The church together with other groups continued being vocal on this issue of racism especially with regard to one’s language, cultural orientation and religious background. The groups emphasized that everyone had the right to live in Australia and practice their culture, religion and speak their language witho ut any barriers (Jones, 2003). More pressure was put by Jerzy Zubrzycki on the government to end this culture of assimilation and instead adopt a policy of ‘cultural pluralism’. Jerzy Zubrzycki was one of the members of the academic movements challenging some of the policies that were used by the government of Australia (Theophanous, 1995). Their breakthrough came around 1971, when the movement changed its name to ‘multicultural society’ and some of its members appointed to the advisory committees in the immigration departments. Here, they were able to implement their ideas. In 1973, the White Australia Policy was completely dropped, with the government opting to choose the immigrants on the basis of their qualifications (Birrell, 1984). The racial discrimination act was also formulated in 1975, during the tenure of Malcolm Fraser as the opposition immigration spokesman. Multiculturalism was embraced by many people and continued to be practiced throughout t he country. The concept received support from the Prime Minister, Bob Hawke, in 1980’s when he ordered for the setting up of an office where multicultural policies would be made and enacted (Australian Council on Population and Ethnic Affairs, 1982). Collins (1988) states that around the same time, the concept was fully adopted by many and there were programs that had been established to help the immigrants and also the lobby groups with financial and any other kind of assistance that they required. Establishment of multicultural radio stations was also a step to show the success of multiculturalism. Multiculturalism during the Howard Government John Howard led the Australian government between 1996 and 2007. During his tenure, he did not show a lot of support for multiculturalism, instead he even criticized it. As a result, the support this concept received from the government decreased and conversely, the idea of assimilation received massive support (Das, 2006). This howev er does not mean that the government abolished multiculturalism completely. National Multicultural Advisory Council (NMAC) was established in 1997, with support from the government even though every other policy that was formed after this did not regard the concept of multiculturalism. Instead, Australian values were emphasized. A report on multiculturalism submitted by National Multicultural Advisory Council (NMAC) in 1999 stated that although it recognized that the citizens were involved in the success of multiculturalism, there was a greater need to recognize that Great Britain and Ireland also contributed immensely towards Australia’s democracy and peaceful coexistence of people in the country. To further show his lack of support towards multiculturalism, only a single statement on multicultural policy was given out. This happened in 2003 and the statement was supposed to serve its purpose until 2006. This was a long period of silence on such a crucial matter of national importance (Greg, 2006). Another thing that showed his contempt towards multiculturalism was his reluctance use the term in official speeches that he made. Again, term which was in use in the title of the immigration department was removed and the department given another name that did not include ‘multiculturalism’. Das (2006) further says that Howard encouraged the immigrant to integrate into the native Australian society which is largely white Anglo-Saxon. Howard says that failure to do this, the national values that show patriotism and nationalism would be down trodden. This is a view that was shared by another vocal critic of multiculturalism, Blainey, According to Blainey (1984), acceptance of the concept of multiculturalism would have devastating effects on the government. This would lead to failure because of concentrating on the rights of the few immigrants at the expense of the majority of the population who are the natives. Howard’s zeal for eradicatio n of this concept saw him introduce the Australian citizenship test, which had earlier been removed because it hindered efforts geared towards multiculturalism. The national identity also ceased to be referred to as multiculturalism (Slade, and Mollering, 2010). In 2007, before he left office, Howard made remarks disregarding multiculturalism. He is quoted to have said that the Australian natives should not be made to apologize because of their identity; instead, they should be proud and push for it to remain. He explained his point further by saying that the concept of multiculturalism is different from that of multiracialism and the two should never be confused (Modood, 2007). To elaborate this, Howard said that multiracialism simply meant the acceptance of the core values upheld by the natives of a country by the immigrants who settle in that particular country. He asserted that he is comfortable with the practice of multiracialism but not multiculturalism. He said that he believ ed in this because of the positive effect that is got when people from different societies come together (Castles, and Miller, 2009). Multiculturalism after the Howard Government The debate on multiculturalism did not end with the end of John Howard’s tenure in office. This concern is fueled by the danger of terrorism attacks that is being experienced by people all over the world. There was also a concern about how best to bring about social cohesion in the country that is characterized by cultural diversity. During the Labor Government of 2007-2010, under the leadership of Kevin Rudd, the concept of multiculturalism received much support (Markus, Jupp, and McDonald, 2009). His support is signified by his decision to have the Parliamentary Secretary for Multicultural Affairs and Settlement Services and also the National Multicultural Advisory Council established. One of the mandates of the latter was to provide the government with the useful advice on ways of improving social cohesion and also eliminating racism and other vices attached to this due to diversity that existed in the country (Jupp, 2007). This move was aimed at creating an environment of tolerance to all people despite their differences. Diversity was supposed to be treated as strength for the country and not a weakness. This committee gave some recommendations to the government which included: making sure that every citizen had access to essential services rendered by the government to its citizens. Again, the government was supposed to address the issue of discrimination together with other vices such as prejudice with a lot of seriousness. The government was also advised to create opportunities where the people of Australia would put in their contribution in projects that are beneficial to the community as a whole. The overriding advice was that the government needed to do all it could to ensure justice was upheld in all its institutions and the people in Australia lived in a community that had social cohesion without some people feeling left out. These recommendations were received positively by Chris Evans, who was the minister of immigration then. The Gillard government, which came into power in 2010, has not been an ardent supporter of multiculturalism and this led to the government removing the term from the title of the immigration department of the country. This has attracted a lot of criticism from many people including the Federation of Ethnic Communities Councils. Currently, every Australian state has established laws which govern the people on multiculturalism. The modes of operation of the bodies that enact these laws are different because each one has its own laws and mandates. For example, the policy dealing with multiculturalism in New South Wales is enacted by the Community Relations Commission for a multicultural NSW while that doing the same in Victoria is called the Victorian Multicultural Commission (VMC). Conclusion The issue of multiculturali sm remains to a contentious one in Australia. One of the ways which has helped in promoting understanding of this concept among the people is dialogue with the people. However, it is still not clear how multiculturalism can be used to bring about a positive impact in a community with a lot of diversity. This becomes more difficult because of the government’s leaders holding varying opinion during their tenure in office and being replaced with leaders of a different opinion after an election Reference List Australian Council on Population and Ethnic Affairs., 1982. 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A Selective Annotated Bibliography of Multiculturalism in Social  Alternatives. Queensland: University of Queensland. Markus, A., Jupp, J., and McDonald, C., 2009. Australia’s Immigration Revolution.  Crows Nest: Allen Unwin. Modood, T., 2007. Multiculturalism-a civic idea. Cambridge: Polity Press. Slade, C., and Mollering, M., 2010. From Migrant to Citizen: tes ting language, testing  culture. London: Macmillan. Theophanous, A. C., 1995. Understanding Multiculturalism and Australian Identity. Carlton South: Elikia Books. This essay on Multicultural Australia was written and submitted by user JuleCarpenter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.