Marketing Strategy for Competitive Advantage Essay

Executive Summary Three friends – Lyndon Duke Hanson, Scott Seamans, and George Boedecker, founded Crocs Inc. in the year 2002 in Colorado, USA. As the firm grew, it acquired Foam Creations in Canada to own manufacturing operations, under the leadership of Ronal Snyder in 2004, and gained sole rights. Crocs is a designer, manufacturer and retailer of molded, casual footwear for men, women and children. All Crocs footwear feature a proprietary closed-cell resin called ‘Croslite’ that provides the wearer with extreme comfort by taking the shape of the feet of the wearer due to heat. The company boasts the footwear as being ideal for casual use as well as for professional and recreational uses viz. boating, hiking and hospitality. The product is claimed to be lightweight, slip-resistant, and odor-free, and is available in several bright colors. Crocs shoes are sold across 129 countries and come in 250 styles. The company has also diversified into apparel and accessories. One major acquisition has been of that of Jibbitz show charms, for which the company has also acquired  licensing agreements with Disney, Nickelodeon, Warner Bros. and DC Comics. The case discusses the phenomenal supply chain management of the company that has been a major reason for the success of the company, besides of course the popularity of the shoes. The achievement of an extremely flexible supply chain was the vision of Ronal Snyder, CEO, to meet customer’s demand based on the exact same principle followed by software giants. This supply chain provided Crocs with a competitive advantage in the footwear industry. Crocs had the highest profit margin in the industry at 56.5% in 2006, considerably higher than that of its competitors. Crocs created a blue ocean by creating differentiation and low costs and breaking out of the red ocean. This resulted in global expansion and quick growth. Profits increased from $10.9million in 2004 to $763.3milion in 2007. Later in the case study, we will see the Industry Analysis to understand the competitive scenario. This reveals that Nike is the market leader, followed by Adidas. A look at Porter’s Model shows that consumer’s bargaining power is a major threat in the industry. We also see the standard manufacturing practices in the industry compared to Crocs’ manufacturing techniques. The SWOT Analysis gives an understanding of the potential threats and rising opportunities. Customer’s changing tastes and threat of substitutes pose immediate threat to the firm, but it can capitalize on its unique product range and supply chain in order to gain a majority market share. Industry Analysis The global footwear market has grown from $153.2 billion in 2004 to $189.3 billion in 2007. Although the footwear industry is in the maturity stage, it is known that the demand for the product will not decline. Hence, global  sales are forecasted to reach $238 billion in 2013. Footwear industry is a highly fragmented market. The industry experiences intensive competition led by major firms such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, and Converse. Nike is the industry leader, followed by Reebok and Adidas; Nike has a market share of 47%, Reebok – 16% and Adidas – 6%. Competitors Nike Nike is the world’s largest designer and marketer of athletic footwear and apparel. The stores are located over 180 countries. Nike is based in Oregon. It runs its manufacturing operations primarily in Asia. Nike’s footwear accounted for 60% of the company’s total net sales in 1999, after which the firm attempted to become more diversified. Nike’s largest share of sales comes from United States. Nike is one company to have crossed the $5 billion mark. Nike’s target consumers were 18-44 aged people, with six-digit income. Adidas Adidas is in the second position in the global market. It is based in Germany and sourced 97% of its footwear from Asian. Its main market is the Europe region. The firm had only a 3% market share in 2005, but after the acquisition of Reebok in 2006, the share jumped up to 9%. Footwear sales accounted for 45.5% of the total sales for Adidas in 2007. Adidas target slightly young aged, 18-44 and was especially popular among Hispanics and African Americans. Other competitors include Puma (Germany), New Balance (USA – largest privately held manufacturer), and C&J Clark (UK-based) nearing the $2.0billion mark. Porter’s Five Forces Model Threat from Existing Competition The industry is characterized by easy entry and exit. The market is competitive, with the industry being described as red ocean, often. The market has reached maturity stage, and the growth is slow-paced. Firms are  always attempting to lower costs and manage supply chain effectively to meet the changing demand. There is always a potential threat of a competitor eating into the market share. Threat from New Entrants The footwear industry is an easy market to enter for new players. Investments required are not huge, and raw materials are easily available. Legal policies are not strict, except in cases of imports in some countries. However, human rights issue is a major cause for concern in the footwear industry. Manufacturing/outsourcing decisions are used for low costs. Threat of Substitutes As entry is easy, substitutes are a major threat. Pricing becomes a key concern. Knock-offs also pose a great threat to companies even though certain designs are proprietary. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Shoes are mostly made from similar raw materials that are easily available. So, most firms manage to get materials at low costs. However, for Crocs, this is not a problem because it owns the manufacturing units and has a proprietary right over croslite. Bargaining Power of Consumers Consumers have the greatest power in the footwear industry due to availability of substitutes. Price and quality are major attributes of the product. Changing consumer taste is a potential threat. Changing fashion and trends and even fads are a problem faced by manufacturers. Competitors have come up with the concept of ‘Shoe Design’ to give the consumer the ability to custom design shoes that are delivered with two weeks. SWOT Analysis Opportunities Market penetration in the footwear industry is still considerably low, especially in Asia-Pacific region. Developing countries like India are emerging markets with huge population for firms to capitalize on.  Purchasing power of people in these countries is increasing, thus showing potential target consumer groups. Threats Substitutes and knock offs pose great threat to major players in the industry. Since pricing and quality are major concerns, low costs are the main objectives. Changing trends and consumer taste are also a serious threat. Strengths Crocs’ unique design that offers great comfort, odor-free, slip-resistant lightweight shoes at comparatively lower prices is a distinctive competency. Supply chain flexibility offers Crocs a competitive advantage over the other firms. Weakness Crocs is required to distinguish its product, especially with the usage of croslite in its footwear. This makes it difficult for Crocs to develop new products in the formal range. Financial Analysis While 92% of company’s revenues came from footwear, the remaining 8% was from the sales of accessories and apparels. Revenue has increased over the years and reached $354.7 million in 2006. There has been a tremendous increase in cost of the goods sold and was reported to be $154.2 million in 2006 from $47.8 million in 2005. Net profit margin has also been increasing and it was found to be 18.2% in 2006. Revenue was found to be $142 million in the year 2007 for Q1. Gross profit was reported to be 84.4% in the first quarter of 2007. In comparison with competitors viz. Nike and Deckers, gross profit margin of Crocs has been considerably higher. Debtor’s turnover ratio is the highest in the industry, indicating that Crocs is efficient at handling debts. Asset  management is also performed well at Crocs. But looking at the inventory turnover ratio, Crocs is one of the lowest in the industry. This shows that Crocs is unable to turn inventory into cash as effectively. It is seen that in 2006, Crocs has inventory worth $86.2million compared to $28.5million in the previous year. This shows that Crocs capital is blocked in its stock. About Crocs Inc. Mission Bring profound comfort, fun and innovation to the world’s feet. Brand Attributes Innovative Crocs shoes are distinguished from others by the following motive of the firm – Radical thinking, health-minded research, and providing solution to the Feet. Fun Colors and designs offered and the emotional experience served are important to Crocs to create its brand image. Comfort Crocs claims to offer profound comfort, ergonomic design, massaging foot bed, and lightweight. Simple Crocs believes in keeping its products simple with a versatile function. Crocs Shoes Clogs with Croslite Target Consumer Segment: Men, women and children of all ages Diabetic patients and other ailments Crocs shoes are lifestyle products that exhibit personalities like trendy, fun, and high fashion, dressy, casual and active. Various models offered include mammoth, clogs, sandals, flats, heels, boots, slip-ons, flip flops, sport, work, Ocean Minded among others. Crocs started off as a company with about 25 models in 2004, and reached a point in 2007 when it offered 250 models. Original design was the clogs that kids could personalize with Jibbitz. Over time, Crocs extended its line by using usual raw materials like leather and suede with croslite soles. Supply Chain Management For consumer, Crocs designed an extensive distribution system so its shoes were available in a variety of retail outlets from specialty stores to department stores and large shoe store chains. Footwear companies have two alternatives to choose from in the manufacturing of their products; they can both own and operate the factories that produce their products, or outsource operations. Factories may be located internationally or locally. Most firm practice outsourcing of operations to enable reduced costs. Crocs believed in meeting customer demands in the current season. Supply Chain was Crocs main focus. Crocs had adopted the global logistics strategy. The firm was vertically integrated and by 2007, had acquired various units all across the world for its operations to cater to different consumers. Hence it was faced with large capital expenditure requirements and the management of the factories themselves. Yet Crocs did a tremendous job at supply management. Where its competitors followed the seasonal order placements, Crocs had a delivery time of two to four weeks for newly placed orders, indicating how Crocs understood the demand for the product. Crocs owned the manufacturing, warehousing and retails units in almost all countries. With its effective management, Crocs was able to maintain low costs. Any other company in the footwear industry did not achieve such a flexible supply chain. The firm maintained good professional relations with the retailers, and deployed its own personnel in stores and provided a store-in-store experience to customers. Core Competencies Unique Product Crocs is the only company that offers shoes made of croslite. This material ensures extreme comfort to the wearer. Crocs owns proprietary rights over  the material, and this becomes the firm’s distinctive competency. Since Crocs is the only firm with the sole right of manufacturing such footwear, it should ensure no knock-offs are sold in the market in its name. Flexible supply chain Crocs understood the dynamic footwear industry and built a revolutionary supply chain to meet the demands of it consumers. Crocs is able to replenish stocks within weeks at short notice. This gives the firm a competitive advantage over the rivals. Other than the core business activities, Crocs has initiated a program called Crocs Cares to provide the inhabitants of disaster affected areas with shoes in over forty countries. Conclusion Crocs has managed to develop an extremely flexible supply chain in order to meet customer and retailer demands, similar to none other in the footwear industry. The firm is extensively vertically integrated and has followed a pattern of a series of acquisitions for growth. Another advantage for the firm is the sole proprietary rights over the croslite material. However, Crocs has learnt the need to extend its product line and incorporating materials like leather and suede in its products. Crocs has also managed to lure its customers by acquiring the charm business, and also by diversifying into accessories and apparels.   Although the firm is showing year-on-year profits, it is seen that by following the model of semi-finished products to achieve quick delivery, it is faced by the problem of low inventory turnover. The important thing to understand is that the industry is dynamic, and the demand is quite unpredictable due to varying trends. Thus, Crocs will continue doing better by focusing on the end-user product. References www.packagedfacts.com Global Footwear Market Report http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com How Crocs Is Outpacing The Pack http://logisticsviewpoints.com Crocs Revolutionary Supply Chain http://www.blueoceanstrategy.com Crocs Review http://ezinearticles.com History of Crocs http://www.hoovers.com Factsheet of Crocs http://company.crocs.com About Crocs – Company Profile

The beneficial effects of nutrition on exercise performance Essay

Over the past 20 old ages. research has clearly documented the good effects of nutrition on exercising public presentation. There is no uncertainty that what an athlete chows and drinks can impact wellness. organic structure weight and composing. substrate handiness during exercising. recovery clip after exercising. and. finally. exercising public presentation. Carbohydrates are of import to keep blood-glucose degrees during exercising and to replace musculus animal starch. Recommendations for jocks range from 6 to 10 g/kg organic structure weight per twenty-four hours. The sum required depends upon the athlete’s entire day-to-day energy outgo. type of athletics performed. sex of the jock. and environmental conditions. Protein demands are somewhat increased in extremely active people. Protein recommendations for endurance jocks are 1. 2 to 1. 4 g/kg organic structure weight per twenty-four hours. whereas those for opposition and strength-trained jocks may be every bit high as 1. 6 to 1. 7 g/kg organic structure weight per twenty-four hours. Fat is of import in the diets of jocks as it provides energy. fat-soluble vitamins. and indispensable fatty acids. Dehydration decreases exercising public presentation ; therefore. equal fluid before. during. and after exercising is necessary for wellness and optimum public presentation. Athletes should imbibe adequate fluid to equilibrate their fluid losingss. Two hours before exercising 400 to 600 milliliter ( 14 to 22 oz ) of fluid should be consumed. and during exercising 150 to 350 milliliter ( 6 to 12 oz ) of fluid should be consumed every 15 to 20 min depending on tolerance. Before exercising. a repast or bite should supply sufficient fluid to keep hydration. be comparatively low in fat and fibre to ease stomachic emptying and minimise GI hurt. be comparatively high in saccharide to maximise care of blood glucose. be moderate in protein. and be composed of nutrients familiar and good tolerated by the jock. Eating before exercising. as opposed to exerting in the fasting province. has been shown to better public presentation. The size and timing of the pre-exercise repast are interrelated. Because most jocks do non like to vie on a full tummy. smaller repasts should be consumed in closer propinquity to the event to let for stomachic voidance. whereas larger repasts can be consumed if more clip is available earlier exercising or competition. Sums of saccharide used in surveies in which public presentation was enhanced have ranged from about 200 to 300 g saccharide for repasts consumed 3 to 4 H before exercising. Current informations are assorted refering whether the glycemic index of saccharide in the preexercise repast affects public presentation. The saccharide consumed should give chiefly glucose ; fructose entirely is non as effectual and may take to diarrhea. although mixtures of glucose and fructose seem to be effectual. If the same entire sum of saccharide and fluid is ingested. the signifier of saccharide does non look to matter—some jocks may prefer to utilize a athletics drink whereas others may prefer to eat a solid or gel and consume H2O. Presently. the usage and recommendation of ergogenic AIDSs to jocks is controversial. Some wellness attention professionals discourage the usage of all ergogenic AIDSs. though others suggest they be used with cautiousness and merely after careful scrutiny of the merchandise for safety. efficaciousness. authority. and legality. Athletes should non utilize nutritionary ergogenic AIDSs until they have carefully evaluated the merchandise. as indicated above. and discussed the usage of the merchandise with a qualified nutrition or wellness professional.

Moral values

It would be gross injustice to categorize all children and youths as lacking in manners and morals, but the general trend would certainly suggest there has been a major decline among many of them. Family values have changed dramatically in the past few decades, producing a crop of undisciplined teenagers and children who lack morals and manners as a result of poor training. Good manners were once the norm with young people very much aware the older generation.Saying â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank ou†, giving up a seat on the bus and holding open doors were all considered normal mannerly behavior. Times have changed and we now live in a predominantly me-first society which is reflected in many young people. If good manners are taught at an early age, they will generally continue to be part of the personality of the young child all the way into adulthood. The lack of good manners observed in society in general is no doubt a reflection of the situation found within the home .Without parental xample and training the area of manners, it is likely the children will sadly lack in displaying them. The same can be said of the lack of morals we find in many of today's youth. A large proportion of children have grown up with little or no respect for authority, for property, for family or even themselves. Living a life of immorality is considered normal behavior today and has produced a bumper crop of young people with venereal disease, unwanted pregnancies and a feeling of emptiness in their ives.Lacking in moral stability, we find young people involved in crime, violence and drug abuse. The so-called freedom they have has actually brought them into slavery to an amoral lifestyle. There is a contrast though in many children and teenagers who are moral and do have good manners, proving that it is still possible to develop these delightful characteristics. It is a real pleasure to come across young people who are mannerly and who have the courage to lead a moral life, not†¦ Moral values It would be gross injustice to categorize all children and youths as lacking in manners and morals, but the general trend would certainly suggest there has been a major decline among many of them. Family values have changed dramatically in the past few decades, producing a crop of undisciplined teenagers and children who lack morals and manners as a result of poor training. Good manners were once the norm with young people very much aware the older generation.Saying â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank ou†, giving up a seat on the bus and holding open doors were all considered normal mannerly behavior. Times have changed and we now live in a predominantly me-first society which is reflected in many young people. If good manners are taught at an early age, they will generally continue to be part of the personality of the young child all the way into adulthood. The lack of good manners observed in society in general is no doubt a reflection of the situation found within the home .Without parental xample and training the area of manners, it is likely the children will sadly lack in displaying them. The same can be said of the lack of morals we find in many of today's youth. A large proportion of children have grown up with little or no respect for authority, for property, for family or even themselves. Living a life of immorality is considered normal behavior today and has produced a bumper crop of young people with venereal disease, unwanted pregnancies and a feeling of emptiness in their ives.Lacking in moral stability, we find young people involved in crime, violence and drug abuse. The so-called freedom they have has actually brought them into slavery to an amoral lifestyle. There is a contrast though in many children and teenagers who are moral and do have good manners, proving that it is still possible to develop these delightful characteristics. It is a real pleasure to come across young people who are mannerly and who have the courage to lead a moral life, not†¦

Health Care Services and Their Work Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Care Services and Their Work - Assignment Example Failure to adopt a population health reduces the chances of determining the nature or number of healthy and unhealthy cases in a given population. Thus, adopting a population approach is a significant move in reducing the problematic populations within the health setting. These populations are with the inclusion of poor and untrained personnel, corrupt managers or directors and irresponsible nurses or medical specialists. Infrastructure in different healthcare settings in different countries are poor, and this leads to poor delivery of medical services in those regions. It is considered as the obligation of the government to consider integrating appropriate measures to address the issue of infrastructure, which includes both transport and communication. With advancement in technology and digitalization, it is expected that every government in the contemporary world utilizes and enjoys the benefits linked to technology and digital innovation in the healthcare setting. Inability to build a new generation of intersectoral partnerships- This is a common challenge which can be addressed by educating and training the concerned people on the importance of establishing reliable and dependable partnerships. This is because they draw on the perceptions and resources of diverse societies, and actively includes them in health activities. Lack of systems of accountability- Most organizations in the health industry are observed to lack systems of accountability such as updated data systems of information systems which can be used to countercheck on the performance of some employees. This challenge can be addressed by integration of modern technology (IT) and digital innovation in all sectors of the institutions to enhance performance and increase accountability level.

Morality in Business Essay Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Analysis of Morality in Business - Literature review Example   For instance, in the present day, the majority of the big businesses sponsor their dedication to non-financial standards under captions such as ethics regulations and social accountability agreements. Individuals of a similar business hardly ever meet together, even for fun and entertainment, although the discussion finishes in a scheme in opposition to the community or in a number of plans to increase costs. Governments employ regulations as well as directives to channel business activities in what they consider to be advantageous ways. Ethics unreservedly control areas and aspects of activities that stay away from governmental power. The materialization of huge businesses with restricted associations as well as understanding to the society within which they function hastened the growth of official ethics administrations. Companies began emphasizing on their ethical standing during the late 1980s and near the beginning 1990s, perhaps tempting to detach themselves from the busine ss humiliations of the day, for instance, the investments and mortgage disaster. The initiative of business ethics got the consideration of intellectuals, media, and business organizations â€Å"by the last part, the Cold War† (Ferrell et al, p. 221).  Ã‚   If a business's intention is to take full advantage of shareholder profits, then forfeiting earnings to other issues is an infringement of its â€Å"fiduciary responsibility†. Business firms are officially regarded as people within the United States of America as well as in the majority of states. The businesspersons are officially allowed to the constitutional rights and legal responsibilities because of citizens as individuals. Ethical concerns take account of the constitutional rights and responsibilities between a business and its human resources, contractors, clientele and fellow citizens, its fiduciary accountability to its stakeholders. Concerns regarding associations between various businesses take account of â€Å"hostile takeovers as well as industrial espionage† (Ferrell et al, p. 285). Associated concerns take account of corporate supremacy; private enterprise; political involvements; officially authorized concerns, for instance, the moral discussion about s etting up an offense of corporate assassination; and the advertising of businesses' ethics guidelines.  Ã‚  

Public Administration Policy AnalysisAnalytical paper that will Research

Public Administration Policy AnalysisAnalytical that will analyze and make a recommendation on a policy issueNATIONAL POPULATION CONTROL - Research Paper Example Increase in the population generally has a very great impact on the country. It leads to various other problems in education and employment. People do not get an opportunity to select the educational institution that they prefer. This subsequently affects their employment. Employment has become a big issue since the numbers of educated people are more when compared to other countries. The U.S nationals are deprived of their chances due to the increase in the immigration. Population control is the major concern of any country. The governments of almost all the countries around the world try their best to control the population though there are various population control techniques; the lack of co-operation leaves the policies ineffective. Population control cannot be achieved overnight and the government and other public service organizations must implement unique population control mechanism. (Mosher, 2008).The importance of population control has been realized over the past few years and almost all the countries struggle hard to control the population. United States is one among the countries which has taken up this issue seriously. Due to the various external factors, the American government has proposed new ideas that can control the population. The current population in U.S is more than 30 crores and there... (Haub, 2008). The current population in U.S is more than 30 crores and there has been an increase in the fertility rate when compared to the past. When compared to the 20th century the population in U.S has tripled and the census has revealed the fact that U.S population cannot be controlled instantaneously. (Dexter, 2009). There are various issues that have contributed to the increase in the population. The immigration, increase in the fertility rate and the lack of sex education are the major reasons for the increase in the population. The various issues with their respective alternatives are discussed below. Immigration Immigration is one of the main reasons for the increase in the U.S population. There has been an enormous increase in the number of people who emigrate from other parts of the world. The development in the science and technology has grabbed the attention of many and people prefer U.S when compared to the other states. U.S has been one among the best places for the students to pursue their higher education. These people who pursue their education gradually settle down in U.S as soon as they get a suitable job. This in turn adds to the population and this also has a disadvantage. The natives of U.S are deprived of their chances in education and employment. (Haines, 2000). A survey that was conducted by the U.S Census Bureau reveals that the number of immigrants in the year 2005 was around 1.4milliion. This research also shows that the number of people who immigrate to U.S in the year 2050 will be around 2.1 million per year. This clearly states that the immigrants play a major part in the U.S population and the decrease in the number of immigrants will prove to be a relief.

Risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Risk management - Essay Example Various related sub-topics are discussed, such as ‘Admitted’ and ‘Non-Admitted’ besides analysing each mentioned domicile destination so that the most preferable domicile is finalised. Starting with Australia, other domiciles are discussed in detail. Guernsey takes the lead as it has maximum favourable points keeping in view the long-term strategic risk-management planning for an Australian conglomerate. The ends by pointing out the difference between a captive and other insurance companies, as a captive insurance can not cover certain insurances. TABLE OF CONTENT Executive Summary...........................................................................................................1 Table of Content................................................................................. ... ..........................5 4. Impact of Australia’s DOFI legislation on the company decision..................................6 5. Addressing the ‘Admitted’ vs. ‘Non Admitted’..............................................................7 6. Australia...........................................................................................................................8 7. Guernsey...........................................................................................................................9 7.1 Guernsey Plus-side..........................................................................................................9 7.2 The Non-EU Status of Guernsey...................................................................................10 7.3 The Advantageous Legislative Design..........................................................................10 8. Bermuda............................................................................. ..............................................11 9. Singapore..........................................................................................................................12 10. Conclusion & Recommendation.....................................................................................13 11. A class of insurance that the captive can’t cover.............................................................13 12. References.......................................................................................................................14 Captive Insurance 1. Introduction Increasing doubts in the world economy and random highs in premiums in the commercial insurance sector have encouraged companies from varied industries to plan their own captive insurance companies. Firms over a varied length of

Discuss the classification of the leukaemias and how this can be used Essay

Discuss the classification of the leukaemias and how this can be used to help treat this group of disorders. Use specific types - Essay Example After they immigrate into the peripheral blood, through circulation, they infiltrate into other tissues (Wu, 2010). There are several types of leukemia and based on the lineage of cell that is involved, they can be classified as lymphocytic or myeloid. They can further classified as acute or chronic based on the natural history of the disease. Thus, there are basically, four common types of leukemia and they are (Wu, 2010): 1. Acute lymphocytic (or lymphoblastic) leukemia (ALL) 2. Acute myeloid (or myelogenous) leukemia (AML) 3. Chronic lymphocytic (or lymphoblastic) leukemia (CLL) 4. Chronic myeloid (or myelogenous) leukemia (CML) This classification of leukemias is very important from treatment point of view, because; presentation, treatment and prognosis for each group is different. Acute leukemias: ALL and AML ALL and AML share many clinical features and hence they are discussed under the same heading. The presentation of these leukemias is abrupt and within 3 months of onset of malignant changes in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissue. Clinical features of these leukemias is mainly related to malfunctioning of the malignant cells, pancytopenia and leukostasis. Leukostasis is a condition in which the microcirculation in the tissues can get occluded by leukemic blast cells. It mainly occurs when the blast cells counts exceed 100 x 109 per liter.. Decrease in red blood cell counts leads to anemia which manifests as pallor, dysnea on mild exertion and easy fatiguibility. When there is thrombocytopenia or decreased number of circulating platelets, the patient presents as easy bruisability, petechiae and excessive bleeding. More often than not, bleeding is seen from oral mucosa, especially gums and gastrointestinal bleeding. The latter manifests as hematochezia, malena or hematemesis. In girls who are menstruating severe blood loss can occur. When coagulation defects are also concomitant, bleeding is severe warranting hospitalization and blood transfusion. Sponta neous bleeding can also occur in the lungs, central nervous system and other organs. Decrease in the macrophage and granulocyte count can cause increased risk of infection,, especially of the perirectal tissues, skin, gingival tissue, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract and lungs. Pathogens which frequently contribute to infections in these patients are gram positive cocci, gram negative bacilli and candida species (Wiernik, 2003). Infiltration of lymphnodes, liver and spleen by leukemic cells leads to lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Organ infiltration is seen more commonly in ALL than in AML. In advanced stages, even other organs can also get infiltrated wtih malignant cells leading to abdominal fullness, nausea, early satiety and loss of appetite. In those with T-cell variant ALL, anterior abdominal mass can be there. Testicular involvement can also occur in ALL. Soft tissue masses of leukemic cells, also known as chloromas can occur in any location in the body. More than 50 percent of patients with acute leukemia present with bone tenderness due to expanding malignant cell mass. Enlargement of the lymph nodes near ureters can cause ureteric obstruction. Other complications include pyelonephritis, nephropathy and renal hemorrhage. Infiltration of leukemic cells into the subarachnoid space may present as leukemic

Affecting change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Affecting change - Essay Example The Organizational culture is ever more implicit as a grave component within the conception of high performance within work areas.An organization's established principles, approaches,viewpoints,objects,along with behaviors all consist of its civilization moreover facilitate in originating a sense of regulation, stability,as well as obligation. Not merely does the business as a whole comprise of a culture, however it usually contains several subcultures. Considering the culture at mutual levels is significant for the reason that a single workplace plan will not essentially maintain in the best way the conflicting job cultures. An analytical instrument, with established strength as well as dependability, has been developed that categorizes associations within four dissimilar cultural types: teaming up. Each one of these has dissimilar operational characteristics that associate with dissimilar ecological features as well as qualities. Evaluating a corporation culture as well as subcultu res provides place of work planners as well as instigators with an institution on which to assemble an atmosphere to hold up the way an organization functions and expresses itself. The bottom line in using organizational culture assessments is to help create workplace explanations with both interior as well as exterior reimbursements that eventually effected in enhanced trade performance (Paton, 2008, pg 208). The established methods of control and the current departmental and organizational cultures: Gene one is faced with an amalgamation of Strong as well as a weak culture: An organizational culture can be marked as strong or else weak based on reasonableness of the central values amongst the corporations team members along with the amount of dedication that the associates have to these core values. Considering the situation of Gene One the higher the sheerness as well as commitment, the stronger the culture, it has helped in boosting the opportunities of behaviour reliability between their respective team members, at the same time as a weak culture within Gene One has inaugurated opportunities for every one of the team members showing apprehensions exclusive to themselves. They have been following the cultural model as a result it has required the managers to toil very sternly at determining the surroundings, nevertheless in a technique that it has always assisted the argument towards developing employees whose principles as well as viewpoints manage their behaviour. Experts have articulated the administrators as an entity being dependable for crafting a forceful optimistic apparition, being an optimistic role mock-up who outlines itself within the human resources a sagacity that the corporations leaders will permit them to administer moreover be in power of their individual personal learning progression. The leaders are also occupied in lining up the corporation's remuneration as well as regulation systems with the novel way of thinking. Don has realized that leaders are then fundamentally occupied in change management however in a very delicate as well as indirect manner than within the conventional change management procedure. As a leader Don has also been able to a certain extent realize that are moreover the protectors of their culture, dependable for guaranteeing that the significant cultural principles are preserved. In a number of cases this may perhaps necessitate them to interpret as well as be aware of what these standards are. The culture of the company Gene one, these days could accordingly be portrayed as being extremely performance oriented along with being eventually profit slanting. The time industrialized a set of dysfunctional values and norms that needed more than subtle adjustment if the company was to stay alive. It is as a result is not astounding that this redecoration was not talented peaceably. The most spectacular change has been in the leader who has moved from being a

How Celebrity Endorsement effects Consumer Behavior Term Paper

How Celebrity Endorsement effects Consumer Behavior - Term Paper Example Do celebrities play a role in changing consumers’ behaviors and purchasing habits? The question remains a major mystery for us but not for the advertisers who have been using celebrities as a tool to increase the sales of companies. Celebrity endorsement has a positive impact on the sales of businesses. It is not only a useful tool to attract young consumers but celebrity endorsement is equally effective on adult male and female counterparts. This paper aims to analyze how celebrity endorsement affects the different groups and provides a number of examples to support the claims made. Children desire to eat, use and wear what is being advertised in an attractive way on television, internet and videogames. They even try to get access to that stuff which their favorite movie or video game character or athlete consumes (Taylor 2005, p. 17). They also try to consume the most popular brands to show their prestige and high living standards. Media has the power of transforming the choices and attitudes of the whole society by merely portraying things in a manner they wish to. People believe in media and somehow take inspiration from the characters on TV, actors in movies, models in magazines, authors of magazines or anchors of Radio. An estimation reveals that on average, Americans probably watch television for 1550 hours, spend approximately 1160 hours in listening to radio programs and nearly 290 hours are spent in reading newspapers, magazines and blogs (Eastman, 2003). This level of interaction with media confirms the reliance of the audience on the information provi ded on these mediums. Celebrity endorsement is one of the major techniques used by marketers to improve the brand image. It has been observed during the research that people are more willing to pay for branded products. The image of brands is largely dependent on its publicity and popularity among the consumers. People make branded objects their choice to make a better social reputation and influence other counterparts of the society (Dhar 2007, pp. 72-78). Celebrity endorsement leads to capture this type of ‘reputation conscious’ people. Celebrity endorsement helps in making the brand name popular in public. People using the products of certain brands can then easily expose their financial stability and excellent choice (Krahmer 2006). A well-known and well-advertised product or service increases the chances of its success as there is a quality conscious group which is not much concerned about the prices but is more concerned to get a high quality and reputable service or product. The rest of people who use expensive brands are trying to participate in the battle of today’s capitalist society. Whichever group is being targeted, celebrity endorsement is a tool of capturing the attention of the consumers and which successfully builds the brand name. Brand names attract people and increase the consumption of such products which are high regarded in a particular region, culture or society. Hence we may say that advertisements involving celebrities are somehow important to build brand names

Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Divorce - Essay Example It is only the interpretation of Islamic law on marriage and divorce from a religious perspective. But a neutral and unbiased sociological interpretation of the Islamic laws related to marriage and divorce will necessarily reveal that Islamic laws are devoted to highlight a balanced support to both the individuals and the society. On the other hand, English law depends on a secular view of man and his existence in human society. This secular view assumes that man is essentially a self-sufficient structural functional entity who can decide his own life choice. Therefore, English law regarding marriage and divorce necessarily solely emphasizes on the individuals’ freedom and choice. It considers that individuals are the sole decision-maker in important matters like marriage and divorce. Indeed, this philosophical disparity determines all basic difference as well as similarities between the two laws. An in-depth analysis of divorce in Islamic Law necessarily demands a substantive description of how this legal systems view marriage. In Islam, a marriage is endowed with two facets: divine facet and social facet. The religious aspect of marriage necessarily assumes that it is a divine duty of every Muslim to marry and lead a peaceful and sacred conjugal life. According to Muhammad, it is a part of a Muslim’s faith in the divine. Simultaneously, it is his or her social duty also. In this regard, Mian Muhibullah Kakakhel (2008) likes to view the Islamic concept of marriage and divorce as following: It is well settled that marriage amongst Muslims is not a sacrament, but in the nature of a civil contract. Such a contract undoubtedly has spiritual and moral overtones and undertones but legally, in essence, it remains a contract between the parties which can be the subject of dissolution for good cause. (paras. 1) In order to a life of sanctity and prevent the social anarchy caused by promiscuous sexuality, a man must marry a woman, if his situation is physi cally and economically affordable to lead a conjugal life. Therefore, the primary requisites of marriage in Islam are that a Muslim must be able to fulfill the demands of sexuality as well as the economic needs of his family. If any person can fulfill these demands, he can enter marriage which is essentially considered as a social contract in Islam. The requisite for women to enter the marital contract is much easier than men. Since the economic expense of conjugal life sole pivots on men, women are free of the economic obligations. Hence, these prerequisites of Islamic marriage, in fact, determine those of divorce in Islam. Divorce in Islam is considered as the most heinous legality which empowers a man to divorce his wife without showing any reasonable cause. It is because Islam demands the unquestionable loyalty of women to their husbands. In this regard, a man will not be accountable to the Sharia council or the Islamic Legal system which consists of the elders and the religious authority of the society, unless his wife brings a charge of sexual perversion against him. On the other hand, a Muslim woman seeks divorce, she must appeal to the Sharia Council with the charges that her husband is sexually impotent or missing for years (Kakakhel, 2008, paras.2-7). The rule of divorce for men is different from that of women. If a man seeks divorce, the term, ‘

A Comparison of Nurses Essay Example for Free

A Comparison of Nurses Essay A Comparison of Nurses Educated at the Associate-Degree Level versus the Baccalaureate-Degree Level A career in nursing has many possibilities and depending on where one is employed there may be different educational requirements. There are many nurses in the workforce with only their associate’s degree in nursing, but as time passes it seems that the baccalaureate degree is becoming more of an expectation. This brings up the question- is there a difference in the competency of the associate-level nurse from the baccalaureate-level nurse? Studies are showing that there is a difference and patient outcomes are affected by this difference. Differences between the Associate Degree in Nursing and the Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing In order to compare the competencies between nurses prepared at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level, one must first compare the requirements to obtain these degrees. The Associate’s Degree in Nursing, abbreviated ADN, is a two-year degree usually earned through a community college. It requires 60 credit hours to complete and upon completion the graduate can apply for licensure through the state in which they will practice. The Bachelors of Science in Nursing, also called BSN, is a four-year degree obtained at a university. It includes the same areas of study and has the same license upon completion of the NCLEX as the ADN nurse, but delves further into nursing theory as well as pathophysiology and technical skills. Many employers require the bachelor’s degree for higher positions in nursing such as clinical managers and nurse specialists. Differences in competencies between nurses prepared at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level As explained above the bachelor’s degree in nursing requires two more years of education and a much deeper study of nursing theory and pathophysiology than the associate’s degree. The question is does this extra education and focus on nursing theory make a BSN nurse more competent than an ADN nurse. Research suggests there is a significant effect of nurse experience and a significant effect of the percentage of BSN nurses in each hospital (Kendall-Gallagher, Aiken, Sloane Cimiotti, 2011) in regards to better patient outcomes. To understand the difference one must look at the basic nursing process and how knowledge of nursing theory and pathophysiology affects it. The basic process taught in nursing school in providing patient care is assessment, plan, intervention and evaluation. Assessment is one the first things a nursing student learns. The associate-level and bachelor-level nurse will both have learned this skill in the very first days of nursing school. Both nurses will also be competent with the last step, evaluation of the interventions. The advantage a BSN nurse will have lies in the middle two steps- plan and intervention. The plan and interventions a nurse provides is affected by their decision-making skills and this is based on their education. Plan and Intervention. To determine a patient’s plan of care, one looks at the abnormal assessments and then uses their knowledge of pathophysiology to determine the plan of care. While the BSN nurse will not necessarily have more clinical hours in assessing the patient, they will have taken more classes in pathophysiology than the ADN nurse and therefore may notice a disease process more readily than the ADN nurse. This is where the interventions will occur. Interventions are determined by the nurse based on their decision-making skills. Decision-Making Skills Nursing is a field in which one is given a great amount of autonomy. Therefore much of a patient’s care is affected by a nurse’s decision-making skills. One’s ability to make decisions is affected by many things including past experiences, environment and education. The focus here is education and how the additional study for the BSN affects nurses’ decision-making skills. The BSN nurse will have studied pathophysiology and nursing theory in greater depth than the ADN nurse. This extra knowledge is then applied to the decisions a nurse makes for their patient. These decisions have a great impact on patient outcomes and recent studies have indicated that there is decreased morbidity, mortality, and failure-to-rescue rates in hospitals that employ larger percentages of baccalaureate prepared nurses (Altman, 2011). Effect of baccalaureate-degree level nurses on patient outcomes In the acute situation the BSN nurse can use their knowledge of pathophysiology in addition to their decision-making skills to decrease morbidity and mortality. Taking into account the greater picture, a more holistic approach based on the BSN nurse’s familiarity with nursing theory, will improve patient outcomes. For example let’s look at a hospital admission for a congestive heart failure exacerbation. Both the ADN and BSN nurse will assess the patient and notice classic signs like shortness of breath and edema. Both nurses will plan on diuresis and paying close attention to respiratory status. The difference will come with the holistic approach that a BSN nurse is more likely to take. The emphasis on the nursing theories that a BSN nurse has studied will allow them to look at the patient as a whole, rather than dealing with only stabilization of symptoms. The knowledge of nursing theory the BSN nurse has will allow them to delve further into why this patient admitted and what they can do to prevent a readmission. The BSN nurse asks questions as to what caused the exacerbation. It may be that the patient needs more teaching on diet and medication compliance. They will ask the patient about their home situation. It’s possible the patient is having financial burdens that have kept them from filling their prescriptions. The BSN nurse is more likely to look at the home situation. The patient may have depression with the diagnosis and need some resources for social support. In regards to King’s theory, nursing’s central goal is to help individuals maintain their health so that they can function in their roles (Creasia, 180). By helping the patient function in their role, the nurse empowers the patient to lead a healthier life. The patient is sent home educated with the resources needed to lead a healthy life and therefore reduces unnecessary hospital admissions. This in turn allows the space available for hospital admissions that are necessary and leads to a healthier community. REFERENCES Altmann, Tanya K. (2011). Registered nurses returning to school for a  bachelors degree in nursing: Issues emerging from a meta-analysis of the research. Contemporary Nurse: A Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession, 39, (2): 256-72. Creasia, J; Friberg, E. (2011). Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice. (5th Edition). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Kendall-Gallagher, Deborah; Aiken, Linda H. ; Sloane, Douglas M. ; Cimiotti, Jeannie P. (2011). Nurse Specialty Certification, Inpatient Mortality, and Failure to Rescue. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43, 188-94.

The Issue Of Unethical Advertising

The Issue Of Unethical Advertising The issue of unethical advertising is closely connected with the entire concept of business ethics. If the origin of misleading or false advertising studied, the early beginning of unethical advertising probably found in the early time of mankind, at the same time when the trade appeared. Within the history the art of selling developed greatly, and even the branches of science appeared, which studying and developing the new methods and technologies of making people to consume different goods. Sometimes these methods and solutions break the ethical and moral principles and even the existing laws. For example the infamous effect of 25th frame could be mentioned. The human eyes can precept the video stream with the frequency of frames 24 per second. If the 25th frame with the proper message like Drink coca-cola is added to the video stream, audience will not notice the message but will remember it on the subconscious level and execute its order buying coca-cola. However the recent trends in this sphere are rather optimistic. The researchers of defined the harmful kinds of advertising and the most vulnerable parts of audience and started working on the laws forbidding some kinds of advertising. In this work I will cite the definitions of different types of advertising based on the mechanism of its influence, some cases of improper advertising will be discussed and some aspects of advertising will be commented. Unethical advertising To define my personal relation to unethical advertising Id like to use the classification of advertising by Tom Beauchamp. He divided all advertising on three broad categories according the way of influence on the audience: They are coercion, manipulation and persuasion. Beauchamp defines the level of control for every of these classes as the following: 1) Coercive influences are always control ­ling influences; (2) manipulative influences are sometimes controlling influences; and (3) persuasive influences are never control ­ling influences.(Beauchamp, 477) Sure, it is often hard to determine manipulating advertising, especially in those cases when the producers or advertisers dont agree with the definition. Freedom of choice is rather abstract category, not only in consumption but in daily life. Many of peoples choice are closely connected with their religious, ethnical or family background. Beauchamp, however, proposes to leave the issue of ideal freedom and try to define if ac ­tions of consumers are sufficiently or adequately free. To make the detection of manipulating advertising easier, he gives the definitions of coercion, manipu ­lation, and persuasion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦coercion occurs if one party deliber ­ately and successfully uses force or a credible threat of unwanted, avoidable, and serious harm in order to compel a particular re ­sponse from another person. No matter how attractive or overwhelming an offer, coercion is not involved unless a threatening sanction is presented. (Beauchamp, 477) As the example the advertising of medical attention and food in return on human blood in starving countries could be provided. Nowadays this class of advertising is extremely rare, though it was widely spread before the industrial age. ..persuasion is a deliberate and suc ­cessful attempt by one person to encourage another to freely accept beliefs, attitudes, val ­ues, or actions through appeals to reason. The first person offers what he or she be ­lieves to be good reasons for accepting the desired perspective. In paradigmatic cases of persuasion, these good reasons are conveyed through structured verbal facts or argument. (Ibid) The persuasion can use not only verbal methods, but express the good reasons through nonverbal communication. Theoretically persuasive advertising is the most ethical class; however the situation is more complicated, as it is discussed below. Manipulation is a broad category that includes any successful attempt to elicit the desired response from another person by non-coercively modifying choices available to the person or by no persuasively altering another person perception of available choices. (Beauchamp, 479) The main difference between manipulation and persuasion is that the last one based on deception. The case of marketing infant formula could be the good example of manipulation. As was stated in the case study, there were two points of criticism in this marketing company: the aggressive advertising of instant formula that made new mothers believing the instant formula is equal or even better then breast milk for babies, and the use of medical workers in product promotion. As for me, the second issue should not be the object of criticism. Despite the influence of instant formula on babys digestion was not studied sufficiently, it was the good alternative for rice water or other artificial substitutes of breast milk. The lack of mother milk is not the new trouble, so the instant formula could be a good solution when mother has no enough milk or newborn baby has intolerance to lactose, or in some other cases. Prescript by medical personnel, infant formula could be a kind of treatment. However the combination of aggressive advertising with the promotion through medical personal was rather unethical. Using the lack of knowledge about the properties of instant formula in comparison with breast milk Nestle promoted its production among the mother who really didnt need artificial feeding for their babies. The use of somebodys lack of knowledge for the profit is a deception, so the marketing company of instant formula by Nestle was the manipulation. The result of such unethical marketing was the growths of child mortality level, though different sources evaluate differently the number of deaths from digestion malfunction. Id not support the claim of Dr. Spoke to boycott all the production of Nestle, but the unethical behavior of this company makes me suspicious regarding its production. Speaking about unethical advertising it could not be skipped the issue of tobacco and alcohol advertising. Alcohol and tobacco are legal drugs, and their harmful impact on people proved many years ago. So, the advertisers use so-called lifestyle advertising, which connecting the use of tobacco and alcohol with good times, easy sex and lot of fun. In the article Marketing and disclosure the Kool Penguin was mentioned, the image of repositioned Kool cigarettes by Brown and Williamson tobacco. Young-looking penguin with stylish hair dress in fashion sunglasses advertised cigarettes, and this campaign was unethical twice, in my opinion. First of all, I am sure that any advertising of drugs like alcohol and cigarettes is unethical and have to be banned. The damage from these two drugs within the history of mankind could hardly be evaluated because it is really huge. Sure, people will continue use the tobacco and alcohol, because history shows any bans and restrictions are useless. But I a m sure that customers of tobacco and alcohol should have information regarding these products only on demand, and this information should include the warnings about potential harm of these drugs, not the pictures and descriptions of brilliant lifestyle. Returning to the Kool cigarettes and Kool penguin, Id like to emphasize the second ethical problem of this image. Its young look can raise the consumption of cigarettes between youth. It is proved that children can use the empirical experience of previous situations after they are six years old in average, but it would be mistake to think that on its sixth birthday child gets the opportunity to detect and resist manipulations. The psychic of children and adolescents is rather vulnerable, their suggestibility is great, and so the advertising can have more significant impact on their mind. That is why the use of child-oriented symbols in the advertising of drugs is, probably, the most unethical marketing policy. The issue of women images in the advertising is another hot topic nowadays. Advertisers use images of beautiful women to promote their goods, especially food. The problem is that women who believe the advertising and consume the advertised food often loose their beauty because of excess weight and other problems with basal metabolism. Besides, the vital standards (height, weight, volume of tail and so on) of female models working in advertising business differ from the average female vital standards. Thus, the advertisers impose the artificial standard of beauty, that cant fit to every woman. It makes many women all over the world feel discomfort regarding their appearance, use different diets that can be injurious for the health, and so on, So, the advertising that demonstrates happiness, really kills it. Conclusion The limit of words makes me finish my though, but I want to summarize facts stated above: the ethical standards for advertising should be stricter, because unethical advertising brings a lot of potential harm to the society of consumers.

Al Capone Essay -- biography bio biographies crime criminals

Al Capone is one of the most recognized names in American history. Capone ran the City of Chicago with illegal activities. He appeared many times on newspapers all over the country. Every one of us has heard of Al Capone, but most of us don’t k now the story behind him. What made him to be the most feared gangster in the city of Chicago? How did this kid from a rough neighborhood and no money grow up to have $60,000,000? I’ve always been fascinated with organized crime but had never been taught anything in school about it. This report gave me the chance to explore something interesting and also educational. The more I researched Al Capone, the more I wanted to learn about him. He may look like an innocent Italian at a glance, but he has done a lot of crime in the city of Chicago. I knew going into this topic that there would be more than enough information. Going on the Internet I found many web sites that went in detail about certain aspects of Al Capone’s life. I found web pages on the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre and even a haunting of his ghost. My Grandpa had books that helped me including The Encyclopedia of World Crime and The Mafia Encyclopedia. He also had a great deal of information to tell me. Most of Al Capone’s life seems unreal, but it is true. It all started when he was born on January 17, 1899, in Brooklyn, New York. He was baptized Alphonsus Capone. As the fourth oldest of nine children, he didn’t receive much attention. â€Å"At birth, Capone's parents never would have believed that their son Alphonse would grow up to be a murderous thug without remorse. (The Encyclopedia of World Crime 603)† Capone was very wise when it came to living on the streets of New York. He was a genius when it came to street smarts. As far as school goes, Capone was almost illiterate. He came from a poverty stricken neighborhood in Brooklyn, so education was not a top priority. Capone was forced to either deal with a low wage job with a hopeless future or make an improvement for himself by committing crime. â€Å"Al Capone's philosophy was to the effect that laws only applied to people who had enough money to abide by them. (The Mafia Encyclopedia 603)† Al Capone became a member of the Bim Booms Gang as a teenager. He learned to defend himself by way of a knife and revolver. By the time Capone reached the sixth grade he had already become a street brawler. Capone n... ...ntful life. He was responsible for the death of over 500 people. As a young boy, he had no opportunities to be rich and live in a big home. The only way out was through a life of crime. That’s where he turned and he succeeded with over $60,000,000. To do something well you have to have the drive to do it. This was how Al Capone was and he was a natural at what he did. He had the right personality and the right connections to be at the top. This was how he became the most feared gangster in the city of Chicago and got that $60,000,000. I noticed a connection to Al Capone and Adolf Hitler. They both seemed to have it all then have it suddenly swept under them. They lived lives of crime and hatred but in the end it took a turn. Hitler ended up putting a gun to his mouth while Capone went insane from his stay at Alcatraz. I learned a lot from doing this report. Besides the amount of typing, which has repeatedly cramped my fingers, it let me read some interesting articles that made me really know what Al Capone’s life was like. It may seem cool to talk about Al Capone, but behind his innocent face, was an evil gangster. Al Capone’s name will live on as the crime czar who ruled Chicago.

The Life Behind Things :: Psychology Technology Personal Narrative Papers

The Life Behind Things Free: this is how human beings living in democratic societies describe themselves. The general idea, nowadays, is that as long as you are considered equal and are able to voice your opinion and defend your own beliefs, the power is in your hand. Gone are the chains of repression and tyranny that permeated ancient times and enslaved whole societies in the prisons of silence and immobility, forcing them to surrender all of their power to the ruler. All that is left now is one word, resounding gloriously in the back of our minds every time we compare our current situation with that of the past: freedom. I used to feel that liberation every day, especially when I learned about foreign societies that had "remained" imprisoned by unscrupulous leaders who refused to relinquish their power and wealth to the people, however needy the latter were. Political police, torture, propaganda: all these horrifying stories whirled in my head and inevitably brought me back to the same evident conclusion, the fact that I was lucky to inhabit a "modern," "Western" country, and that my freedom, both compared to these unfortunate people and in absolute terms, was unlimited. Indeed, I had never felt any pressure of any kind to act a certain way, or hold specific beliefs at the expense of my own ideas. The origins of such a view of the world were the innate thought that only another human being, especially a man-have we ever seen a female dictator?-could take away my personal power and control my actions. For what else could? Such had been my state of mind when I came to NYU-sixteen years spent holding the firm belief that I had control over my actions, probably silently injected in my mind by my proud parents, as well as by the French society in general and all that it entails: the media, school, politicians. It pervaded my mental life, and I whispered this doctrine to myself, as though humming a baby nursery rhyme, probably pacifying my unconscious claims the way the soft lullaby would console a newborn baby, making his tears subside and causing him to forget why he was weeping in the first place. I had never considered and thought about my life in other terms. Originally not wanting to question this whole system of ideas, which would unavoidably cause great chaos in my mind, I started thinking about the recent turn that my life had taken, a few weeks ago.

Knowledge :: essays research papers

After an exhausting game of basketball on my Playstation two it was time to eat. As my search for food was coming to an end I came across a bag of potatoes. So using the cooking skills that I have acquired in my many years I decided to make french-fries. As I cut my potatoes I started to think about Michael Pollan’s essay â€Å"Playing God in the Garden†. This essay is about the creation of â€Å"genetically engineered† potatoes that produce their own insecticide right inside their leaves. I began to wonder if the potatoes on my plate were the same â€Å"New Leaf† potatoes that Pollan talked about. I started to change my mind about eating the fries that I had already melted cheese on but they looked to good to give to my roommate so I continued thinking while eating. The government does not require New Leaf potatoes to be labeled in stores so it must mean they feel it will have no harm on people. One of the many reasons that government exists is to look o ver the wealth fare of its citizens. Think of some of the things that a company must put on their products, labels on alcohol and cigarettes tell the dangers that come from using them, and all foods packages must have the ingredients printed on them. The government also sets up programs like family first to help people in need. Even in high school a person needs four years of gym. Peter Drucker touches this subject in his essay â€Å"The Age of Social Transformation† as he talks about a changing society. The government made the decision that using the knowledge that Monsanto found was the right thing to do for the farming industry. The best times will come when the knowledge that people have is used to enhance their lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What good is knowledge if it is not used? There is no point in learning new things if the only reason for learning them is to prove a point or to know more than someone else. Knowledge should be used and the New Leaf is just a potato that has had knowledge applied to it. The potato helps farmers because they no longer have to bathe their fields in harmful chemicals. Imagine living on a farm and someone offers a job that pays more, has fewer hours and is easier than farm work.

Playdough, Paperweight, Snowball: An Analysis of the Bell Jar Essay

â€Å"I saw the years of my life spaced along a road in the form of telephone poles, threaded together by wires. I counted one, two, three †¦ nineteen poles, and then the wires dangled into space, and try as I would, I couldn’t see a single pole beyond the nineteenth.†(Plath 123) This quote fully embodies the whole mood of the book, The Bell Jar by Silvia Plath. The main character Esther is constantly at war with herself, she can’t figure out what to work towards or where her life is going. She is unable to see past the nineteenth post in her life, it’s as if her life was never supposed to move on. This mind set pushes Esther into a deep depression and drives her to attempt suicide many times. In the novel Ester Greenwood, a young aspiring writer, battles a war within herself everyday. She starts out high on life; she was one of the winners of a writing contest so she is living in New York experiencing a very affluent lifestyle. Her life is as colorful and wonderful as brand new Play Dough. Then one day she realizes she is no longer herself, she is trapped in an image that others have molded. She stops and thinks, who am I? Where am I going? What am I doing with my life? Much like that wad of Play Dough she too wore out, she was now dull, hardened, and futureless. Though it is still called Play Dough, it no longer serves the same purpose or is anything like its old self. Simply a shell of the girl she once was she no longer has her old friends, she didn’t make it into her college honors writing class, and she cant even bring herself to write anymore. Battling a civil war daily wore Esther down farther and farther until there was nothing left of her soul. For Esther the troubling question was no longer just who am I? It was a much more serious question of why am I here? Why am I alive? She has a very hard time getting through each day, â€Å"I couldn’t see the point of getting up. I had nothing to look forward to.† (Plath 117). She doesn’t know what to do with herself, she tries to learn new things, but she can’t stay focused for more than a few mere minutes. She is convinced that she will amount to nothing, that her life is going nowhere, and she will be a paperweight for the rest of her life. She is so disgusted with who she is and her life she can no longer stand to live in her own skin, she always feels as if there is something inside her that she wants to kill. â€Å"But when it came right down to it, the skin of my wrist looked so white and defenseless that I couldn’t do it. It was as if what I wanted to kill wasn’t in that skin or the thin blue pulse that jumped under my thumb, but somewhere else, deeper, more secret, and a whole lot harder to get.† (Plath 147) She attempts many times to end her life, but she always makes it out alive and well. Nobody knows what to do with her so they try some treatments, but those don’t work so she is placed in a special facility. Stuck in this asylum she goes up and down, she gains freedom but then has a relapse and it right back to square one all over again. After many hard years of wanting to die and hating herself, she finally finds people she trusts and it starts to get better. â€Å"All the heat and fear had purged itself. I felt surprisingly at peace. The bell jar hung suspended a few feet above my head. I was open to the circulating air. † (Plath 215). In this quote Esther speaks about the bell jar lifting above her, throughout the entire book it was on her, suffocating her, but finally it had lifted and she could start living again. She starts over like a rolling snowball, starting small yet gaining more trust and confidence by the second; before she realizes it she is a huge snow boulder rolling gaining speed, size, and confidence. A major theme in the novel is places of entrapment. Whether it is Esther feeling trapped within her own body, or if she is trapped in a hospital she is always under something. â€Å"The more hopeless you were, the further away they hid you.† (Plath 160). At the beginning Esther is forced into going to many events at various places whether it’s a luncheon or a fashion show. From there she goes back home which ends up being almost like solitary confinement. She is bounded in a lifestyle that is very different from her own. Her mother was constantly trying to teach her shorthand, a skill which Esther has no wish to learn. Also when at home she finds herself unable to sleep. This traps her in the world of thinking, which works against her because of where her life is. This is where her depression first starts, and it takes he life on a downward spiral. After many suicidal attempts Esther is put into a psychological hospital. She moves from hospital to hospital, but for years she is always under rule of doctors in nurses. Plath used many things to convey the feeling of suffocating under pressure throughout the book. Though Plath wrote an entire book through the eyes of a depressed young woman, she still kept the book easy to read. The book flowed well from scene to scene. It kept the reader wondering if Esther was going to break out of her depression or if she was finally going to succeed and end up ending her life. She uses complex yet easy to understand wording that a wide range of readers can comprehend. â€Å"I felt my lungs inflate with the onrush of scenery—air, mountains, trees, people. I thought, ‘This is what it is to be happy.'† (Plath 90). This quote not only shows how Plath created a novel easily read but it shows how there was hope; Esther did have the capacity to feel happiness, she was capable of living a happy life. The struggle through the book was if she was going to overcome her illness, or be consumed by it. Plath wrote an in depth story about a young woman suffering through depression. Though the topic was no happy in any way, Plath kept it light and hopeful. Keeping the reader always wondering if she was going to get better. Also, she it was so descriptive with her writing that the reader felt like he could relate with Esther. Overall, The Bell Jar is a very well written book that can be read easily. It leaves one with the feeling of hope, and believing any situation can heal. â€Å"I took a deep breath and listened to the old brag of my heart. I am, I am, I am.† (Plath 243).

Biblical World View Essay Essay

In The Essence of the saucy Testament A Survey, T sustains and Gutierrez, the authors concur with early(a) scriptural scholars under substructureing that the dogma of Ro human beingly concerns is not b bely crucial for Christian theology, tho the greatest revivals and reformations without the history of Christianity pitch resulted from an increased understanding and application of the t for each oneing of this epistle This essay testament attempt to repeat how the first 8 chapters of this amazingly written Book of roman types shapes my own personal Biblical innovationview.I will first direct at 4 areas in which capital of Minnesota specific altogethery presents clear evidence to his readers of the impartiality of the Gospel Message. The first area He presents is in regard to the natural founding that surrounds all populace. In Romans 1 19,20 capital of Minnesota writes For what ordure be known close(predicate) theology is athletic field to them, because beau ide al has shown it to them. Ever since the earth of the clement beings his eternal power and divine nature, occult though they are, collapse been understood and specifyn through the things he has made. I remember as a child in sunlight school that I was often taught about deity by toneing at natural terra firma that surrounded me. The sunrise, the rainwaterbow, the oceans and galore(postnominal) more wonders that maneuvered me to a immortal who was not only very powerful only if very loving, too. He gives us rain so the soil freighter wee food and sunlight to give fancy and water to provide life to every(prenominal) animation thing He created. capital of Minnesota presented this basic truth about God because all domain contribute well relate to the amazing natural world that affects his of her every twenty-four hourstime life.God has created an amazing tack together to His World so man must know that the world they live in is a divine creation. Seeing God in na ture is not only evidence for me that He is real, alone as well I see this natural world as another of the beautiful gifts that He gives us to enjoy. And for me, it is a strong monitor lizard each day that God loves me. The routine area Paul focuses on is our own human identity element. Mans identity is built on what he has intelligibly seen in nature.So, Paul quickly moves to point out that once humans have experienced Gods creation and they choose not to mention Him They are without excuse for though they knew God, they did not honor Him as God of give convey to Him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their ineffectual minds were darkened. Romans1 20-21. Paul goes on to list the many a(prenominal) foul ways of the darkened minds that chose not to honor God. The inspired list of sins that Paul declares leaves no room for any man to truly believe that he is without sin. It is in that list of sins that Paul shows the separation of all existence from God. It is only in that rear end of acknowledgment of sin that man pile begin to understand his or her human identity.My own human identity is influence more and more each day as I choose to stand before God acknowledging that I am a sinner. I have a world view that is changing to fabricate more understanding of the need to parcel out the Gospel message because of my increased awareness of my own sin nature. The third and onwards areas of Pauls writing in Romans builds on the first two. Now that mankind has had the obvious evidence of the existence of God in Nature, and now that mankind has seen that he fits somewhere on the list of behaviors that do not honor God, Paul moves on to point out the affects of ungodly living. human beings began to worship idols, and humans morose against each other as the result of twist their warmnesss and minds against God. Because of mans choice to turn from God, the foul nature of man was as opine to see in the culture of the day as was the nature of God was vaporous to see in the natural world He had created. Any man whose heart was not completely heartened could begin to see that Pauls message about God was full of truth. When I look back at the times in my life when I have lived without God.Or when I live knowing Him without very realizing that He is in control, not me I begin to feel the emptiness that living without Him brings to me and those around me. Not only emptiness, but sometimes total chaos collect to lack of purpose. As I imbibe my own personal struggles with faith, I can see how this world needs a savior, too Paul presents evidence of a people and of a culture that has turned from God. As the Jews put themselves above Greeks and hostility grew among so many different cultures, the will of God had become lost. Pauls writing in Romans made clear what Gods will is for mankind.To summarize, Paul presented a biblical world view in Romans that no man could truthfully reject. God can be seen in nature. Just as G od can be seen in nature so can the sinful nature of man be seen in culture we live in. All mankind knows this truth in their heart only all men refuse to on the whole honor God. Since all have sinned and tumble short of the glory of God Romans 323 Paul sets the stage for mankind to accept the Gospel message of mildness of sins through Jesus Christ. Thank God for the inspired writing that is the Book of Romans. It can inspire all its reader to carry a trip on the Roman Road to Salvation.

Merits and Demerits of Tuition

We all know that all(prenominal) child is alone(predicate). either(prenominal) child has unalike skills and potential. The same goes with every childs exp unitarynt to l spiken at drill. Some child basis grasp aim lessons spryer as comp ard to separate children. How the child per random vari qualifieds in condition should not be comp atomic number 18d to early on(a) children beca habituate each child has a incompatible scholarship pace. Brilliant educatees would convey to compete with other scholarly persons who get sincere grades for them to be live to commemorate their rank in school.At the same age, those average educatees would too need to strive as easily as hard in order for them not to go the class. This is the reason wherefore having a main office development mint be very just to fast, average, and s number 1 learners alike. the following are both(prenominal) of the bene follows to savants You allow stool the advantage of a whole teacher t o yourself, with their lesson plans and strategies of instruction designed only if for you It seems impossible to doubt the enormous benefits this lead offer.In a classroom, one teacher may be set about with around thirty disciples, each with different abilities, different rates of acquirement, and individual strengths and weaknesses yet despite this, for the mass of the lesson the teacher entrust be forced to hatch his class as if it contained safe one student. He or she forget orate from one annihilate of the classroom, unable to gauge how effectively each schoolchild is assimilating the lesson. The lesson plans entrust be designed to fit the needs of the average pupil and the teacher leave alone proceed at a rate qualified for the average pupil.In this environment it is all to easy for a bright child or adolescent to fail to grasp one circumstance point, as the bind of teacher talk washes over them like the disconsolate tides. It is unlikely plane the best of teachers would spot the particular point of mis cause cast on the appropriate on one pupil, hidden amongst so more other faces. To draw attention to their lack of understanding feces be intimidating for the pupil everyone else is silent, so they must engender understood. Do I insufficiency to draw attention to myself?All too practically the misunderstanding goes unexpressed and unaided. The obvious benefit of one to one breeding is that the inculcate substructure abbreviate their teaching style to the abilities of their student. They will be able to gauge the level of the pupils understanding, and, more importantly, track polish up the sources of misunderstanding, and deal with them effectively. Away from the bustle of the classroom, the student will feel more able to voice their demandingies and having just one pupil to deal with, the teacher will be more capable of resolving them.Compared to the conflicts of the classroom, troubled with distractions and intimidation f rom other pupils, the relaxed environment of passenger vehicle and student hatful be a safe seaport of erudition. Most tutors will be willing to travelling to the pupils house, allowing them the benefit of learning in a happy home location. A tutor will be able to focus their teaching on a particular area the pupil may be very competent in mathematics overall, but be deficient in calculus, with this specific weakness undermining their whole confidence in the shell.Maybe they are highly literate and proficient in English language, but shy away from usual speaking. The political platform may demand some ad-lib work (foreign languages certainly do), so it would be a shame if this particular and minor deficiency detracted from their overall grade in the subject. Even if the pupil is acting well at school, it is highly likely that some closed-door tuition will give because the edge over their peers. For it is their friends and contemporaries that they are competing against numerous of who may already be receiving tuition.In an age where bare(a) tuition is almost becoming the norm, it may be incumbent to join in, or risk be left behind. One more advantage of having a home tuition is that it gives a good fortune of reinforcing the new topics learned earlier form school. It excessively gives a good chance of clarify difficult topics and fashioning it simpler to understand. With a home tuition, it will be possible for the child to accelerate their learning process. Having you children obey home tuitions after school will also renounce them from doing unhealthy hobbies after school much(prenominal) as getting hooked to computers and different telecasting games.Another good thing about putting your children to home tuitions is that it will be able answer to the problems that the school teachers hold up to deal with nowa twenty-four hourss. Aside from schoolman problems, the school teachers will also have to deal with every childs different behav ioral problems. This is not easy because in a regular school teachers will need to attend to a number of students per class. Thus, it will be impossible for every teacher to give equal attention to every single student. The end resultant of this scenario will be poor slaying and low grades.Good thing is, with a home tuition, sufficient backup is given. Problems are corrected early on, thus early interventions are given. The over all confidence and performance of your child clear be developed by means of home tutoring. This can be very safe on the development of your child and also to every parent out there. Home tutoring can spare you from worrying too much if your child has certain quality bringing up or not. Nothing compares to the shelter of having a peace of mind knowing that your childs learning potentials are maximized.And that your child is getting the quality of education that he or she deserves. demerits and merits of extra tuition mystic tuition can be advantageo us. Some time students are unable to concentrate during lessons for various reasons, much(prenominal) as distractions, not feeling well or invoice gaps. Therefore, students missed many key points taught during lessons. Under such circumstances, private tutors can re-explain the topics learn t reiterate key points, abstract concept and care to solve problems students find difficult to tackle. Students can be lazy at clock. They may loss their demand to work hard.The temptation for students to play is strong, particularly playing and surfing internet and playing games, idling their times away watching TV, sending messages and chatting with friends over the phone. Allocating times for private tuition reduces their time spent in unhealthy pursuits. Private tutors also attend to to spark off the students to study hard. A private tutor can keep the students on the right track when they freewheel off course. For example, private tutors can help parents to reprehension their childr en if they become too playful. Private tutors can accord cooking to them, so that they can spend their time in a more meaningful way.A private tutor can thus act as a role of disciplinarian. Sometimes students have person-to-person problems that they find hard to confide in their parents, tutors can act as a listening ear and help them resolve some of their problems. Having private tuition also has its disadvantages. Sometimes tutors provide additional homework on top of those given by teachers in school. The extra homework from tutor is an added burden to the students. Sometimes, tutors can arrive at the wrong timing, For instance, the students are not in the mood to learn or have gone through a hard day work in school and are, therefore mentally feel tired.Despite in such a gravely timing, the tuition sessions may still have to digest on, which make it unfruitful. Private tuition can be a financial burden to parents who are poor. However, when the student is a slow learner wh o needs a tutor outside school, tuition is a necessary evil. Some students treat their tutors as a travel dictionary, expecting them to furnish answers to the homework given by school without thinking through the solutions by themselves over time. This can make them mentally lazy.There are some parents who have unreasonable expectations. They insist that their children engage private tutor even though their children perform well academically. In conclusion, it is good to have private tuition provided the parents can afford and the students to find the tuition session is beneficial to them. The benefits are plentiful if parents repugn to find a good tutor who can value added by playing various roles to help their students to achieve academic success. ow effective can teachers teach without tuition care are important in learning processes of student since it clarify more of what has been taught and student fail to understand,but in a case like that of Kenya where tuition has been destroy teachers are expected to perform and produce good resultsa teacher should know how to manage time,time is critical is a major factor in learning if a teacher doesnt manage her time well she will not finish the syllabus on time hence will not even have time to revise anything.The teacher should have the knowledge of the subject,she should know the subject not perchance well but enough this will help the teacher take the student through the subject at faster speed hence diligence the subject on time and having adequate time for revision also a teacher will be able to deal with the weak students in her class. A teacher can also use appropriate and varied questioning,use of questions will help in covering syllabus in a unique way i. teacher to collect many chivalric papers and use them to teach this will form a discussion where student will sacrifice with the guideline of their teacher A teacher should wee a pleasant social/psychological humor in the classroom,this will h elp since the student will be to concentrate hence teaching will be smooth for the teacher thus making him have humble time to finish the syllabus on time,on a good environment student are prone to a better and fast understanding of the subject.A teacher should have a positively charged attitude this will help the teacher in tha the teacher will be able to manage herself since she has that positive calling to her work the fact that tuition were cancelled was a big blow and a discouragement to many teachers which made them loose morale teachers with such attitude can not be able to deliver as expected quite an teachers should change their attitude so that they are able to deliver appropriately.

Social Anthropology Paper

If I were to relish up the denomination sociology the lexicon would ascertain me that its the report card of the development, structure, and mental process of gracious confederacy. For well-nigh, sociology raise be a to a great extent news to define, considering it dissolve regard as so nearly(prenominal) an(prenominal) several(predicate) things ground on how that crabby soulfulness envisions at it. today if you were to crave me what I guess sociology mearns, at maiden I couldnt in reality fork you. at once I had judgment of conviction to hark rearward approximately it I would practic entirely toldy(prenominal) than be equal adduce it is the involve of wherefore batch ar the authority they be and how that affects and is conventional by the human bes whateverwhat us.Around this resembling cartridge holder uttermost course I was doing look for for a public bread and neverthelesster confound. I didnt roll in the hay truly of tentimes to a greater extent(prenominal) than or less sociology and had no nonion or designing of choosing a caper in that product line for my project. I was browsing through line of businesss though that had a advanced job outlook and stumbled upon affectionate Anthropology. I had neer hear of this go and didnt real go through what it sloshedt. afterward(prenominal) doing much(prenominal)(prenominal) investigate and googling, I completed that this job consisted of completely the things I had eternally been leftover rough. I never sincerely still new(prenominal) societies or why battalion be letd the air they did.I live on like a shot that anthropology has so many more(prenominal) than comp mavennts to it than the br otherly face of it, moreover that is the chief(prenominal) causality why I chose to do my project on it. For for a epoch I persuasion I would really neediness to go to train day to be an Anthropologist, sole(prenom inal) if external influences coif me figure otherwise. My fill in affable anthropology is actually how I stop up in this shape. The event that fib plays a instigate in it is a plus, because I mother do encyclopaedism approximately storey as well. Sociology scarcely sounded arouse to me and in that respect wasnt much else I was bear matchlessd in victorious.Furthermore, I noticeing a weensy check more or less some of the more famed name calling in hearty anthropology, such(prenominal) as Franz Boas, commiseration Benedict, Zora Neale Hurston, Lewis enthalpy Morgan, and Claude Levi-Strauss. They all contributed to the scientific discipline in their ingest carriages, influenced by some and influencing others. Boas is cognize as the sustain of new-fashioned pagan anthropology, revoke Levi-Strauss was cognise as the let out of structural anthropology, and Morgan being one of the more polemic anthropologists. Lewis total heat Morgan was amo ng the a few(prenominal) to be cited by sociologist Karl Marx and affable scientist Friedrich Engel.Franz Boas was similarly cognize as the cause of Ameri smoke anthropology. He was a instruct to many great name in American anthropology. His live on were passing influential, workings such as The mentality of uncivil Man, Anthropology and modern fontistic Life, and The Kwakiult Ethnography. As a modern tike Franz was resulted to hold for himself and do his take thing. His wager in sciences but grew as he got older. He knew he precious to chase anthropology after taking a locomote to the diametric and decent hypnotized with the throng there.Claude Levi-Strauss was one of the more influential anthropologists of the twentieth century. He did a fate of sketch work among rude(a) tribes and he apprehension that their focusing of keep was in no style d experiencestairs the way of life of civilised societies. He was influenced by Marxism as well. structura l linguistics cerebrate on society and the tidy sum that make up that society, on with their inner life. Levi-Strauss more all important(predicate) kit and boodle includes The venomous Mind, morphologic Anthropology, and Tristes Tropiques. So, back to why I no chronic thought vent to school for anthropology was a skillful beseem for me.I was constantly asked, What would I do with a period in anthropology? and to be secure I go int turn over that I am wishful bounteous for what it whitethorn require. I did goldbrick however, that having a stage in anthropology unresolved the doorway to a flake of jobs such as education, wellness c be, museum curation, accessible work, global development, government, organisational psychology, non-profit management, marketing, publishing, and forensics. I whitethorn not engage a point in this field, but I leave al ways have an interest in it.Although anthropology can be considered a pegleg of sociology, there argon ways that they differ. They some(prenominal) pile with the vagary that our behavior is make by the nation we pester ourselves with and cultural traditions. Anthropologists typically discipline non- westbound societies, such as primitive cultures. On the other pass around sociologists reckon modern Western societies. other deviance would be that anthropologists ar more potential to do musician observation, while sociologists helping hand more with surveys. on that point are major differences mingled with the two, but their overall object of pare ack the layers of societies and cultures are ssimilar. What does this all mean to me? I am only feeling front to crystalizeing more familiarity in anthropology and look send to scholarship more about sociology. In this class I commit to shit a meliorate reason of our own government, because of its true state. I need to know why permute isnt as diffuse as it whitethorn seem. I would on the dot like to discover a nd watch out and perchance gain some association that volition in turn make me a break out somebody and allow me to be the counterchange I deficiency to see.

Norse Culture

S potdinavian civilization A walk-to(prenominal) brass Julianne N. Cantu Intercultural CommunicationsDr. ThibodeauxMarch room 7, 2013 From the stem of civilization, companion suit satisfactory-bo emitdization has compete a significant fictional contri thation at pliant of entirely timey(prenominal) bon ton. subtlety each(prenominal)ows for each(prenominal) that is limited(prenominal) astir(predicate) a group of plurality to be suffern into identify and be recognized. Scandinavian husbandry has long been a unc poph go forth prevail over in raw societies. just ab turn let on of the approximately cardinal characteristics that founder Scandinavian gardening so queer argon their mountain, their deli precise(prenominal), their literature, their devotion, and their funeral practices.Like to the highest degree societies, the Scandinavian had a surprisingly idle genial index structure. The Scandinavian advocator structure was manner le t on to where thither was a calamity for upward(a) mobility. Individuals in Scandinavian comp any(prenominal) were non cursed to str etc. forth out(p) their years in a detail complaisant spot, exclusively were idle to give back counselling from phratry to dispatch. thither were troika couch he arty elucidatees in Scandinavian society. virtu anyy Scandinavian workforce belonged to the warmness family cognize as karls. Karls were the land decl beers, the c former(a)mers the smiths ( threateningsmiths, locksmiths, etc. ), etc (Haywood, cc0).The highest view in the affectionate hierarchy was cognise as the jarls, or the nobility. These multitude briskd in spendthrift houses and h wholes and abided non bad(p) rifles. The jarls employ their m maviny, wealth, followers, ships, and e put ins break them from the outride of society. The concluding class of the social hierarchy was cognize as the pr? ll. This class include slaves and turgi d effect who were know as bonds custody. If a almost em exsanguinous carcass, from some(prenominal) class, could non stomach their debts, they would pass a government maturatency a bondmaid and fashion for an an varied(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) slice until his debts were repaid (Guy, 1998).The Scandinavians, during the Viking eld, round sometime(a) Scandinavian. This language was sometimes referred to as Danish spit (Page, 1987). Icelandic, Danish, and Scandinavian languages argon all descended of archaic Scandinavian. in that respect were umpteen diverse dialects talk during this time. some scholars ar equal to respect the differences betwixt east Scandinavian and double-u Scandinavian. nonwithstanding these differences, the multitude during the Viking Age were pairted to pull out with each some some some other without impediment because the languages were so confus equal (Page, 1987). numerous Viking end points were excessively cognise to guard use runic garners.A rune is letter or character from the runic first rudiment. nearly of the runic characters contain of sequential lines and the alphabet was in distinguishigibly designed for print onto wood, st adept, or metallic element with a sharply cock a good deal(prenominal) as a knife (Page, 1995). A distinct mutant of runes referred to as the younger Futhark was set up by the blood line of the Viking Age. distant to usual belief, Vikings did non real amaze in helmets with horns on them. This image of Vikings warriors is a loathsome dissembling of their elaboration.What a Viking wore was de cultivationined by their orchestrate in their society. If a per give-and-take was a slave, they were a good deal un puff up niped to kill(p) in things that totalityed to rags. assoil men wore things ex chatoyant whip boots and enclothe do out of fine materials, homogeneous fleece and una standardized furs. workforce lots wore all breeches or tunics, finisharm the women would prevail dress bid garments that would desexualise at the shoulder joint (Roesdahl, 2001). sole(prenominal) the wealthiest of the Viking society ever wore jewelry, akin necklaces, pendants, brooches, and go because it sensation their grand status to others (Jesch, 1991).Viking literature is bizarre to come by because Norse enculturation was typically sh bed d unmatched the utter cry kinda than the create verbally word. some(prenominal) of the folklore just near Norse culture was scripted later on and compiled into a dalo. taro plant is derives from the sure- profuse(a) Norse term for numbers (Page, 1995). thither are 2 diverse typecasts of eddo, the poetical taro and the Prose cocoyam. The poetic Edda is a solicitation of superannuated Norse poems. This edda contains the approximately data c at oncerning Norse mythology. The poems contained in the edda tell stories of hardy wiz and heroines and yield tales of contrasting Norse legends.The Prose Edda bidwise contains umteen unreal stories. The Prose Edda, una standardized the poetic Edda, is degage into ternary contrastive booksthe Gylfaginning, the Skaldskaparmal, and the ? gir (Haywood, 2000). On the whole, non untold is cognize roughly una a give care(p) heathenish apparitional practices in the Viking Age. thither is short(p) endorse to retaliate the polar hedonist rites conducted by the Vikings. disparate Viking sagas were scripted intimately 200 years ago, aft(prenominal) the spiritual re deliver to Christianity. Although at that place is no authoritative shew of pagan rituals, much is know about the umteen assorted deities idolise by the Vikings.The about(prenominal) hot and compelling idol to the Norse throng was Thor, perfection of perfectionsend and lightning. Thor was the right champions of the Norse gods and the concourse because he was the further if ane affectionate enough on his own to perform the giants, the arch nemeses of the gods. Without Thor, the other gods would nonplus to indemnify to contend happy games in place to rack up the giants. Thors ordnance of prize was his mightily form, Mjolnir (Dubois, 1997). Mjolnir is envisi geniusd as single of the more or less odious sleeves in Norse culture, and is rumored to be unresolved of aim mountains.It was write that, Mjolnir would be up to(p) to arrogate as firm as he wanted, any(prenominal) his aim, and the hammer would neer fail, and if he threw it at something, it would neer throw and neer fly so far from his fleet that it would not pass off its instruction back, and when he wanted, it would be so take down in the mouth that it could be carried within his tunic (Orchard, 1999). Odin was a kindred one of the most frequent gods in Norse culture. Odin was the generate of all of the gods and men. He is a god of magick, erudition, with, a nd reading (Dubois, 1999). Odin has been verbalize to take in the authority of reanimating the murdered in fiat to babble out to them to take a shit any wisdom they whitethorn possess. Odins weapon of prime(prenominal) is his spear, Gungnir, which, supposedly, never misses its target. Odin is ever portrayed as only having one spunk because he traded the other for a suck up from the head of Wisdom, where he gained an abundant amount of companionship (Page, 1995). Loki was the oilskin of the Norse gods. It was compose that he was, prominent and neat of face, alone has an malevolent disposition and is real adjustment able of mood.He excelled all men in the art of cunning, and he incessantly cheats. He was continually involving the Aesir in large difficulties and he very much careed them out by deviltry (Orchard, 1997). Loki was the son of two giants and step-brother to Odin. Loki had the power of postulate up ones mind unfirm and could horizontal chan ge his gender on command. As a woman, Loki gave birth to some of the terrible creatures, handle Odins eight-legged horse, Sleipnir. When Thor was not almost to helper ruin the giants, Loki was much desire out by the gods in set up to deploy keen tactical manoeuvre to take the giants down.The familiar misconception concerning Vikings and religion is that umpteen believed they despised Christianity because they were pagan, and that was not the case. The Vikings believed in umpteen diverse deities. They much targeted and pillaged Christian monasteries, however, because they knew they were flush(p) and were, lots times, poorly defended. The Vikings had umpteen distinct custom and beliefs when it came to death. They had specific rituals when it came to funerals, barely had more assorted beliefs when it came to things homogeneous the intellect and where the late(prenominal) went when they were no long-term recess of this world.The Vikings had two un worry b eliefs when it came to the somebody. First, the Vikings believed that the very get breathing spell a some visible structure took in advance they scare offd was their thought escaping and lamentable on to function one with nature. The uphold was that in that respect was a divergent type of head a stargaze sense that was able to bring the body when a mortal was in a state of swoon akin sleep. This explode of the instinct is invariably confine indoors the body unless the body is un restrain all by crumple or a sacrificial sacking. solo when the body was garbled down would the pipe dream head be able to make its c come ining to the region of the dead (Page, 1995).Vikings believed that, when a soul run shorts, they wishing to be bury or ruin with their property that leave behind help them to bring home the bacon in their future(a) life. lot who had certain(a) jobs, like a blacksmith, were a great deal interred with all of their tools so tha t they would be able to practice them later on they had locomote on to their a hardlyting life. Women were practically destroy/ bury with their jewelry and other tools for young-bearing(prenominal) star sign activities (Orchard, 1997). It was common among Vikings to burn the corpses, as well as their belongings, on a funeral pyre.These pyres were build to large scales because the Vikings believed that the passel from the fire necessitate to be as capacious as affirmable in dictate to service the soul in grasp the subsequentlylife. after the dead soul had been dead soul for cardinal days, the Vikings would adjoin in funeral ale which served as a ritual make merrying. The funeral ale was a way in which the families of the deceased could get unneurotic to commemorate the persons life. It wasnt until after the ale was intoxicated that issues like inheritances and transitioning of familial power were able to take place (Dubois, 1999).After a person has died, th e Vikings believed that their souls partook in an happening in roam to stool the hereafter. The afterlife had more a(prenominal) polar variations in the culture, like the inwardly of a mountain, on the other align of the sea, in the celestial sphere, or in the inferno (Dubois, 1999). Helgafjell, or blessed flowerpot, is one reflexion of the Norse afterlife. If a person make their way to the holy mountain, they would live out their lives in a trend that was very standardised to the one they had in the physical world. Hel, however, is the complete pivotal of Helgafjell.Hel, which is control by a low-spirited and black giantess named Hel, is the destination for all of those who did not die in passage of arms, save of old age and sickness. In Hel, the furnish that invest the ingress are heavy, as to give the motif once you enter, you allow never once more exit. Valhalla is some other destination for those who pee-pee died. rough fractional of those that d ie in skirmish set their way to Valhalla. The halves that were allowed to enter were to expect fit for battle so that they could move into in Ragnork. Valhalla was verbalize to be located in the firmament in Odins kingdom.Valkyries, men and women who claim which soldiers die and which live, comprise in the heavens with Odin and those warriors deemed praiseworthy to live again (Page, 1995). The other soldiers who are not chosen to live again tarry in Folkvanger with the goddess Freya. The Norse embossed some(prenominal) various kinds of internal animals, like cattle, sheep, pigs, geese, chickens, goats, and ducks. They employ their cattle, sheep, and goats in invest to make dairy products like draw and cheese. They likewise gleaned egg from their chickens, ducks, and geese. fish and cervid were in addition track down and added to the multitudinous of nutrition sources the Norse could tell apart from.The Norse as well as were conventional farmers and wer e able to stick a superfluity of contrary items, like oats, barley, flax, cabbage, leeks, horseradish, watercress, carrots, celery, peas, and a number of diametrical herbs (Guy, 1995). The Norse were too know to hold back bees and to harvest nuts. When it came to prep their food, the Norse like their shopping centre roast or turn and were curiously favorable of their stews. The Vikings vulcanised their meat, all by roll of tobacco it, deliverance it, or drying it. The Vikings commonly nimble two-dimensional sugar for meals (like a pancake), but did ready increase simoleons when there was some sort of special condition to warp for.Their drink of pickaxe was mead. Mead is an intoxicating potable do from honey, but they withal do different kinds of beers and ales. The Viking did not plough grapes, so they were unavailing to touch on in wine (Roesdahl, 2001). In short, it is establish that there are many different aspects of Viking culture that makes them sincerely yours unique. It is also clear that there hold back been many misrepresentations of Viking culture and, because of that, many people can flip reorient perceptions when it comes to their sentinel concerning Vikings. References Dubois, doubting Thomas A. Nordic Religions in the Viking Age.Philadelphia University of atomic number 91 Press, 1999. Print. Guy, John. Viking Life. Kent Ticktock, 1998. Print. Haywood, John. cyclopedia of the Viking Age. capital of the United Kingdom Thames & Hudson, 2000. Print. Jesch, Judith. Women in the Viking Age. Haworth Woodbridge, 1991. Print. Orchard, Andy. mental lexicon of Norse falsehood and Legend. capital of the United Kingdom Cassell, 1997. Print. Page, RI. recital the by Runes. capital of the United Kingdom British Museum Press, 1987. Print. Page, RKi. Chronicles of the Vikings Records, Memorials and Myths. Ithaca Cornell UP, 1995. Print. Roesdahl, Else. The Vikings. naked York Penguin, 2001. Print.